Союз Советских Социалистических Республик Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Завод «Прогресс» №357

Progress Factory No. 357, Leningrad, 1926-1941, Omsk, Siberia 1941-1945

Progress Factory No. 357 • Завод «Прогресс» №357

Leningrad, Russia (Ленинград, Россия) 1926-1941, Omsk, Siberia (Oмск, Сибирь) 1941-1945

In the Russian armed forces, military service binoculars were marked to identify them as government property.

Military service binoculars were issued to soldiers with specialized functions. For example, a group leader or an artillery observer was issued a set of binoculars to perform his duties.

The most common type of military service binoculars was the 6×30 Standardized Model B-6 military service binoculars.

The number “6” identifies the magnification power of the binoculars (in this case, “6” indicates that objects appear six times closer than their actual distance).

The number “30” identifies the diameter in millimeters of the front (objective) lenses — the light gathering lenses — in this case 30 millimeters in diameter.

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The Beginning

According to some sources, a company in Leningrad known as the Progress Experimental Pipe Factory (Опытный трубный завод «Прогресс») completed a large-scale production of artillery shells for the German Reichswehr in the early 1920s.

The Reichswehr (Reich Defense) was the official name of the German armed forces during the Weimar Republic and the first two years of Nazi Germany. After Germany was defeated in the First World War, the Imperial German Army (Deutsches Heer) was dissolved to be reshaped into a peacetime army. From the dissolved German Army, the provisional Reichswehr was formed in March 1919.

Under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, the rebuilt German Army was subject to severe limitations in size, structure and armament. The official formation of the Reichswehr took place on January 1, 1921 after the limitations of the Treaty of Versailles had been met. The German armed forces kept the name Reichswehr until Adolf Hitler’s 1935 proclamation of “restoration of military sovereignty,” in which the Reichswehr became part of the new German Wehrmacht (Defense Force).

In 1926, the Progress Experimental Pipe Factory (Опытный трубный завод «Прогресс») became Progress Factory No. 357, and the new company moved into buildings on the site of the non-operating Promet (Промет) factory in Leningrad, which had been mothballed for seven years since 1919. The new Progress Factory No. 357 produced military optical equipment for the Russian armed forces.

Progress Factory No. 357 • Завод «Прогресс» №357
Leningrad, Russia (Ленинград, Россия) 1926-1938

The original trademark logo of Progress Factory No. 357 was the open contour of a flat convex lens, with an inverted hint of the letter “P.” This early variant of the factory’s logo was used from the year the factory was founded in 1926 until 1938.

The name of Progress Factory No. 357 changed several times over the years, but the name “Progress” was always its primary identity. From its beginning, Progress Factory No. 357 manufactured telescopic scopes for sniper rifles, artillery sights, and other military optical equipment for the armed forces of the Soviet Union.

In 1936, the Soviet government contracted with the Karl Zeiss company of Jena, Germany to set up a microscope production facility within Progress Factory No. 357 in Leningrad. Between 1936 and 1941, production of the M-9 microscope developed and expanded, and gained significant popularity. By the early 1940s, the factory was producing 10 types of microscopes.

Progress Factory No. 357 • Завод «Прогресс» №357
Leningrad, Russia (Ленинград, Россия) 1938-1941, Omsk, Siberia (Oмск, Сибирь) 1941-1945

The trademark logo of Progress Factory No. 357 during the Great Patriotic War was the closed contour of a flat convex lens. This later variant of the factory’s logo was used from 1938 until the factory was acquired and merged with other optical companies to form LOOMP in 1962, and then LOMO in 1965.

During the Great Patriotic War, 1941-1945, Progress Factory No. 357 manufactured military optical equipment marked with the following three prefixes: Nº1234567, №A-1234567, №Б-1234567, followed by the production serial number.

The Second World War

After the German invasion of Russia in June 1941, Progress Factory No. 357 was evacuated to Omsk, Siberia, where it manufactured military optical equipment only. During the Great Patriotic War, Progress Factory No. 357 produced several hundred thousand telescopic scopes for sniper rifles.

Progress Factory No. 357 returned from Omsk to Leningrad in 1945, and received the Order of Lenin for its success in providing military optical equipment to the Soviet Army. Progress Factory No. 357’s Order of Lenin is the first of three Orders of Lenin that are now proudly displayed at LOMO (Ленинградское Oптико-Mеханическое Oбъединение, Leningradskoye Optiko-Mekhanicheskoye Obyedinenie, Leningrad Optical Mechanical Association).

The Order of Lenin (Орден Ленина) was the highest civilian decoration, the highest honor, awarded by the Soviet Union. Those who were awarded the titles “Hero of the Soviet Union” and “Hero of Socialist Labor” received the Order of Lenin as part of the award.

The Order of Lenin, named after Vladimir Lenin, the leader of the October Revolution, was established by the Central Executive Committee on April 6, 1930. It was bestowed on cities, companies, factories, regions, military units, and ships.

The Order of Lenin was awarded to civilians for outstanding services rendered to the State, members of the armed forces for exemplary service, those who promoted friendship and cooperation between people and in strengthening peace, and those with meritorious services to the Soviet State and society.

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The Second World War

The event that began the Second World War was the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany on September 1, 1939. In the two years leading up to the invasion of Poland, Adolf Hitler, Führer und Reichskanzler of Nazi Germany, and Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union, secretly conspired together to take control of other countries in Central and Eastern Europe.

Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin quietly negotiated with each other regarding German and Soviet spheres of influence among the unsuspecting countries of Central and Eastern Europe that each intended to overpower and control in the near future, and how they would divide those countries between them without getting in each other’s way.

On August 24, 1939, Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, a non-aggression agreement between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, with a secret protocol establishing Soviet and German spheres of influence across Central and Eastern Europe.

Seven days after signing the Molotov–Ribbentrop non-aggression pact, and one day after the Supreme Soviet (the highest body of state authority) of the Soviet Union had approved the pact, both countries, Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, had conspired and agreed to invade Poland.

On September 1, 1939, Nazi Germany invaded Poland from the north, south, and west. On September 17, 1939, the Soviet Union invaded Poland from the east. Within a month, the Polish armed forces were overwhelmed, and the campaign was ended on October 6, 1939. Germany and the Soviet Union then divided and annexed between them the whole of Poland under the terms of the German–Soviet Frontier Treaty.

The Winter War

In the years leading up to the Soviet Union’s invasion of Finland in November 1939, the Soviet Union demanded that Finland cede substantial border territories in exchange for land elsewhere, claiming security concerns, primarily the protection of Leningrad, 32 km (20 miles) from the Finnish border. Finland refused to allow the Soviets to simply demand and steal parts of Finland’s homeland.

On November 30, 1939, just 75 days after the Soviet Union had invaded Poland, the Soviet Union invaded Finland, beginning the Winter War. The war ended three and a half months later, on March 13, 1940, with the Moscow Peace Treaty.

The Finnish armed forces, despite being severely outnumbered and outgunned, especially in tanks and aircraft, fought bravely and brilliantly, and inflicted severe losses on the Soviet armed forces. The Soviet invasion of Finland made little progress. The League of Nations condemned the Soviet Union, declared the Soviet attack illegal, and expelled the Soviet Union from the League of Nations.

For more than two months, Finland successfully repelled Soviet assaults, inflicting substantial losses on the Russians in temperatures as low as −43 °C (−45 °F). The battles were fought mainly in Taipale, along the Karelian Isthmus, in Kollaa, in Ladoga Karelia, and on the Raate-Suomussalmi Road, in Kainuu. Battles were also fought in North Karelia and Lapland.

Following their initial failures, the Soviets reduced their strategic objectives. The Soviet military reorganized and adopted different tactics, renewed their offensive in February 1940, and eventually overcame the Finnish defenses on the Karelian Isthmus.

This left the Finnish army in the main theater of war near the breaking point, with a retreat seemingly inevitable. Finnish commander-in-chief Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim urged a peace deal with the Soviets, while the Finns still retained some bargaining power.

Hostilities were ceased in March 1940 with the signing of the Moscow Peace Treaty. Finland was forced to surrender 9% of its sovereign territory to the Soviet Union, especially substantial territories along Lake Ladoga and further north. Soviet gains actually exceeded their pre-war demands.

Finland retained its sovereignty and enhanced its international reputation. The international reputation of the Soviet Union declined significantly.

Soviet losses in manpower, equipment, and reputation were heavy. The poor performance of the Red Army confirmed negative Western opinions of the Soviet armed forces. This perceived weakness of the Soviet Union led German Führer und Reichskanzler Adolf Hitler to believe that an attack on the Soviet Union would be successful. Hitler convinced himself that Nazi Germany should invade the Soviet Union.

In the meantime, the Soviet Union looked around for another weaker country to exploit, and issued an ultimatum to Romania on June 26, 1940, threatening the use of force in another land grab act of aggression.

Two days later, the Soviet Union began the occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina between June 28 and July 3, 1940, simply absorbing these parts of Romania into the Soviet Union. On October 26, 1940, the Soviet armed forces also grabbed six Romanian islands on the Chilia branch of the Danube River.

Initially, the Soviet Union had planned a full-scale invasion to annex these parts of Romania, but the Romanian government, responding to the Soviet ultimatum of June 26, 1940, agreed to withdraw from their own sovereign territory to avoid military conflict with the Soviet Union.

Following the Soviet occupation of Romanian territory between June and October 1940, Adolf Hitler saw his opportunity to do the same thing to Russia, and the German High Command began planning for the invasion of the Soviet Union, which Hitler approved in December 1940.

Operation Barbarossa

On June 22, 1941, Nazi Germany and its European allies, Finland, Romania, Hungary, Italy, and Slovakia, initiated Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union. This is the event that began the Great Patriotic War for the Soviet Union, and the Second World War for the rest of humanity.

Operation Barbarossa, named after the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick Barbarossa (Redbeard), opened the Eastern Front, the largest and deadliest land theater of war in human history, and brought the Soviet Union into the Second World War as one of the Allied powers.

More than 3.8 million Axis troops invaded the western Soviet Union along a 2,900-kilometer (1,800 mile) front. The attack became the largest and costliest military offensive in human history. Around 10 million combatants took part in the opening phase, and there were over 8 million casualties by the end of the operation on December 5, 1941.

Operation Barbarossa launched an explosive German and Axis air and ground assault into western Russia that surprised and stunned Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and the Russian high command.

Although Stalin had accurate intelligence earlier in 1941 about the imminent German attack, he refused to believe it, and did not order a mobilization of the Red Army, fearing that it might provoke Germany. As a result, the understrength and out of position Soviet forces were caught completely unprepared when the massive German air and ground assault began.

The overwhelming German firepower and the lightning encirclement and destruction of entire Russian armies resulted in the catastrophic devastation and collapse of Soviet resistance during the first five months of the German and Axis invasion of Russia.

Operation Barbarossa initiated Generalplan Ost, Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler’s ideological goals for German territorial expansion into Central and Eastern Europe. After Hitler’s rise to power, the concept of Lebensraum became a high priority ideological principle of Nazism that provided justification for German territorial expansion into Central and Eastern Europe, especially Russia.

Generalplan Ost planned for the conquest of the Soviet Union, the eradication of Communism, the extermination of the native Slavic peoples by enslavement, genocide, and mass deportation to Siberia.

Adolf Hitler intended to simply confiscate the western Soviet Union and repopulate the land with Germans to fulfill his Nazi ideological principle of Lebensraum (living space) for future generations of Germans in his expected Thousand Year Reich.

The material targets of the invasion were the agricultural and mineral resources of Ukraine and Byelorussia and oil fields in the Caucasus.

Ultimately, the rampaging German armed forces captured five million Soviet Red Army troops in Russia and deliberately starved to death or otherwise killed 3.3 million Russian prisoners of war, as well as millions of Russian civilians. Mass shootings and gassing operations, carried out by German paramilitary death squads and collaborators, murdered over a million Soviet Jews as part of the Holocaust.

The lightning German assault through western Russia led to the emergency evacuation and relocation of Russian industrial factories located in western Russia far to the east, beyond the Ural Mountains, to protect them from being overrun by the rapidly advancing German blitzkrieg.

On July 11, 1941, just 19 days after the opening shots of Operation Barbarossa, USSR State Defense Decree No. GKO-99ss was issued to begin the emergency evacuation of industrial factories from western Russia to Siberia in the east, beyond the Ural Mountains, to protect them from capture by advancing German armed forces. Many industrial plants and factories in western Russia were relocated east of the Ural Mountains.

The Siege of Leningrad

The siege of Leningrad was a military blockade by the Axis powers against the city of Leningrad (Saint Petersburg) in the Soviet Union on the Eastern Front of World War II from 1941 to 1944. Leningrad, Russia’s second largest city, was besieged by Germany and Finland for 872 days, but never captured.

The siege was the most destructive in history, causing an estimated 1.5 million deaths. It was not classified as a war crime at the time, but some historians have since classified it as a genocide due to the intentional destruction of the city and the systematic starvation of its civilian population.

In August 1941, German Army Group North reached the suburbs of Leningrad and Finnish forces encircled the city from the north. Land routes from Leningrad to the rest of the Soviet Union were cut off on September 8, 1941, beginning the siege.

The German High Command ordered the Luftwaffe to bomb Leningrad to starve its people into submission, rather than attempt to capture it. Many thousands of Russian families and individuals died of starvation during the winter of 1941–1942.

Supplies were delivered to the city by air, and by ship over Lake Ladoga, when it was free of ice, and over the Road of Life that was built on the lake when it was frozen. A Red Army offensive opened a narrow land corridor to Leningrad on January 18, 1943, but the siege was not fully broken until January 27, 1944.

When the German and Finnish offensive reached Leningrad in August 1941, part of the GOMZ factory was evacuated to Kazan, and was subsequently included within the structure of the Kazan Optical-Mechanical Factory.

Technically, production of GOMZ military binoculars ended in Autumn 1941, but during the initial production period in Kazan, the relocated GOMZ factory continued to use its stylized “pentagon-ray of light” GOMZ logo.

The hammer, sickle, and star marking that was used during the company’s 1940-1941 production in Leningrad, was discontinued during the company’s 1941 and later post-evacuation production in Kazan.

In early 1942, GOMZ factory production markings were moved from the left lens cover to the bridge. Also, in early 1942, the factory again started to use the stylized “pentagon-ray of light” GOMZ logo on its binoculars.

During 1940-1944, the production year was coded as the two first numbers of the production serial number (40, 41, 42, 43, 44). Starting in mid-1944 and later, the full year marking under the serial number was used.

After its evacuation from Leningrad to Kazan, the factory introduced many simplifications to the construction of binoculars. In late 1941 and early 1942, lens covers made of silicium (a cast aluminum alloy) was introduced. Sometimes, cast aluminum alloy lens covers were mixed with older design brass lens covers on binoculars.

Later in 1942, silicium cast aluminum alloy lens covers were replaced with steel lens covers. In 1944, the steel lens covers were replaced with copper plated steel lens covers.

Brass eyepiece diopter adjustment sleeves were also replaced with silicium cast aluminum alloy sleeves. Silicium cast aluminum alloy eyepiece sleeves remained in production up to 1945. Silicium cast aluminum alloy was also used in the production of other parts. In addition, the brass caps of objective (front) lens assemblies were replaced with steel caps.

Early war and mid war KOMZ binoculars are very difficult to find with their original silicium cast aluminum alloy manufactured parts. Over time these cast alloy parts became brittle and broke in use, and had to be replaced with other parts made of different metals.

In early 1942, the rubber covering on lens tubes was eliminated. The tubes were instead painted only with black paint. By late 1942 until the end of the war, the use of rubber covering on lens tubes was resumed. The prewar pattern was changed to the unique KOMZ dot pattern.

After the War

In 1946, the prewar pattern brass body construction and use of brass parts was resumed. The location of the markings were moved from the bridge to the left lens cover. The Soviet hammer, sickle, and star marking, adopted in 1923 and finalized in the 1924 Soviet Constitution, was used again on the left lens cover.

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After the War

At Progress Factory No. 357, there was an exceptionally strong design school, headed by the remarkable developer V. E. Pikkel. After the war, many complex products were created there, including a set of devices for the self-propelled anti-aircraft mount “Shilka,” and the development of homing heads for portable anti-aircraft missile systems.

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Progress Factory No. 357 was merged with other optical companies, the State Optical-Mechanical Factory No. 349 (GOMZ), Государственный оптико-механический завод №349 (ГOMЗ), the KINAP, завод «Кинап», and the Experimental Optical-Mechanical Factory “Russian gems” (OOMZ), Опытный оптико-механический завод «Русские самоцветы» (OOMЗ) to form the Leningrad Association of Optical and Mechanical Enterprises (LOOMP), Ленинградское объединение оптико-механических предприятий (ЛООМП) in 1962.

This group was then restructured and transformed into the Leningrad Optical Mechanical Association (LOMO), Ленинградское Oптико-Mеханическое Oбъединение, Leningradskoye Optiko-Mekhanicheskoye Obyedinenie (ЛOMO) in 1965. LOMO is a company known worldwide for its optical and mechanical engineering and production.

The letter “L” is stylized as the spire of the Admiralty. In a more complete version of the sign, the “spire” is crowned by a ship.
The lenses had a logo: .
The Leningrad Association of Optical and Mechanical Enterprises (LOOMP), organized in 1962, which included GOMZ, the Progress plant, the Kinap plant, and the Experimental Optical and Mechanical Plant (OOMZ), was transformed into LOMO in 1965.

LOMO (Ленинградское Oптико-Mеханическое Oбъединение, Leningradskoye Optiko-Mekhanicheskoye Obyedinenie, Leningrad Optical Mechanical Association) is a manufacturer of medical and motion-picture lenses and equipment based in St. Petersburg, Russia.

The company, LOMO, was founded in 1914 in Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg). It was established as a French – Russian limited company to produce lenses and cameras. It manufactured artillery gun sights during the First World War.

In 1919, it was nationalized. In 1921, the factory was named the Factory of State Optics, G.O.Z. In 1925, camera production was resumed, and several lens designs tested between 1925 and 1929. Further reorganisations of the Soviet optical factories in several stages finally resulted in that the factory at Leningrad became GOMZ, the Russian Optical and Mechanical Factory.

Today LOMO makes military optical equipment, scientific research instruments, criminological microscopes, medical equipment, and a range of consumer products.

Known as GOMZ (State Optical-Mechanical Plant), the company was transformed in 1962 into several industries that became the LOMO Association.

The company was renamed LOMO PLC, and became a publicly traded stock company in 1993, and is traded on the RTS Classic Stock Market.

Night-vision devices and telescopes account for 30% of the company’s exports. Germany is the largest importer of LOMO products.

Medical equipment, fiber optic cables and endoscopes, optical components and cameras are consumed mainly by the Russian market and other states of the former Soviet Union.

Military equipment and science research instruments make up a significant share of production for export to such countries as Israel, India, United States, Canada, Mexico, and other international markets.

that are now displayed by LOMO (Ленинградское Oптико-Mеханическое Oбъединение, Leningradskoye Optiko-Mekhanicheskoye Obyedinenie, Leningrad Optical Mechanical Association). At the same time, the plant returned from Omsk.

There was an exceptionally strong design school at Progress, headed by the remarkable developer V. E. Pikkel. After the war, many complex products were created there, including a set of devices for the self-propelled anti-aircraft mount “Shilka,” and the development of homing heads for portable anti-aircraft missile systems.

Progress Plant No. 357 was eventually merged with other optical companies to form LOMO, a company known worldwide for its optical and mechanical engineering and production.

The company, LOMO, was founded in 1914 in Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg) as a French – Russian limited company to produce lenses and cameras. It manufactured artillery gun sights during the First World War.

In 1919, LOMO was nationalized. In 1921, the factory was named the Factory of State Optics, G.O.Z. In 1925, camera production was resumed, and several lens designs tested between 1925 and 1929. Further reorganisations of the Soviet optical factories in several stages finally resulted in that the factory at Leningrad became GOMZ, the Russian Optical and Mechanical Factory.

Today LOMO makes military optical equipment, scientific research instruments, criminological microscopes, medical equipment, and a range of consumer products.

Known as GOMZ (State Optical-Mechanical Plant), the company was transformed in 1962 into several industries that became the LOMO Association.

The company was renamed LOMO PLC, and became a publicly traded stock company in 1993, and is traded on the RTS Classic Stock Market.

Night-vision devices and telescopes account for 30% of the company’s exports. Germany is the largest importer of LOMO products.

Medical equipment, fiber optic cables and endoscopes, optical components and cameras are consumed mainly by the Russian market and other states of the former Soviet Union.

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LOMO (Russian: Ленинградское Oптико-Mеханическое Oбъединение, romanized: Leningradskoye Optiko-Mekhanicheskoye Obyedinenie, lit. ‘Leningrad Optical Mechanical Association’) is a manufacturer of medical and motion-picture lenses and equipment based in St. Petersburg, Russia. The company was awarded three Order of Lenin decorations by the Soviet Union.

Its Lomo LC-A consumer camera was the inspiration for the lomography photographic movement.

History

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The company was founded in 1914 in Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg). It was established as a French – Russian limited company to produce lenses and cameras. It manufactured gun sights during World War I. In 1919, it was nationalised. In 1921, the factory was named the Factory of State Optics, G.O.Z. In 1925, camera production was resumed, and several lens designs tested between 1925 and 1929. Further reorganisations of the Soviet optical factories in several stages finally resulted in that the factory at Leningrad became GOMZ, the Russian Optical and Mechanical Factory.

In the transition period 1932 to 1935 a copy of the Leica camera was developed, the VOOMP I. Today LOMO makes military optics, scientific research instruments, criminological microscopes, medical equipment, and a range of consumer products.

Known as GOMZ (State Optical-Mechanical Plant), the company was transformed under the direction of Mikhail Panfilov, who united several industries and founded the LOMO Association in 1962. In 1990 – 1997 Ilya Klebanov was the Director General of LOMO Association.

The company went public in 1993, and was renamed LOMO PLC; it is traded on the RTS Classic Stock Market. The company is ISO 9001 certified and exports worldwide. Night-vision devices and telescopes account for 30% of the company’s exports. Germany is the largest importer of LOMO products. Medical equipment, fiber optic cables and endoscopes, optical components and cameras are consumed mainly by the Russian market and other states of the former Soviet Union. Military equipment and science research instruments make a significant share of production for export to such countries as Israel, India, United States, Canada, Mexico, and other international markets.

Знаки предприятий оптической промышленности СССР

Практически все предприятия оптической промышленности Советского Союза входили в оборонно-промышленный комплекс страны. На протяжении длительного времени некоторые заводы даже не имели собственного публичного наименования и числились только под номерами. В советских каталогах происхождение того или иного объектива, фотоаппарата или другого фотографического приспособления практически никогда не расшифровывалось. Даже из руководств по эксплуатации не всегда можно было «вычислить» предприятие-изготовитель и его местонахождение. Поэтому без знания принадлежности знаков-клейм заводов, которыми маркировались изделия, определить производителя зачастую невозможно. 1)

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Signs of optical industry enterprises of the USSR
Almost all optical industry enterprises of the Soviet Union were part of the country’s military-industrial complex. For a long time, some plants did not even have their own public name and were listed only under numbers. In Soviet catalogs, the origin of a particular lens, camera or other photographic device was almost never deciphered. Even from operating manuals, it was not always possible to “figure out” the manufacturer and its location. Therefore, without knowing the ownership of the signs and stamps of the plants with which the products were marked, it is often impossible to determine the manufacturer. 1)

АОМЗ

Азовский оптико-механический завод, №318 — Азов.

Azov Optical-Mechanical Plant, No. 318 – Azov.

Призма Шмидта с ходом луча в ней.
Старый знак завода.

Schmidt prism with a beam path in it.
Old factory sign.

Современная эмблема предприятия (встречается также зеркальное, относительно вертикальной оси, изображение знака).
Символика прочной механической сцепки — завод производил стыковочные узлы космической техники.

The modern emblem of the enterprise (there is also a mirror image of the sign relative to the vertical axis).
Symbolism of a strong mechanical coupling – the plant produced docking units for space technology.

Арсенал

Завод и производственное объединение «Арсенал», №784 — Киев, Украина.

Plant and Production Association “Arsenal”, No. 784 – Kyiv, Ukraine.

Стилизованная под изображение призмы буква «А».

The letter “A” stylized as a prism.

Вега

Уманский завод «Вега» — Умань, Украина.

Uman plant “Vega” – Uman, Ukraine.

Изменение знака ПО «Арсенал», куда до 1995 года входил завод. Получившаяся направленная внутрь и вниз знака стрелка как бы образует букву «V».
До указанного года продукция завода маркировалась знаком головного предприятия.

Change of the sign of the PO Arsenal, which included the plant until 1995. The resulting arrow pointing inward and downwards of the sign forms the letter “V”. Before this year, the plant’s products were marked with the sign of the parent company.

Вибратор

Завод «Вибратор» — Ленинград (Санкт-Петербург).

Plant “Vibrator” – Leningrad (Saint Petersburg).

Буква «V» в треугольнике.
Знак завода, встречающийся на фотоэкспонометрах марки «Ленинград».

The letter “V” in a triangle.
The factory’s mark, found on the “Leningrad” brand of photo exposure meters.

Виброприбор

ПО «Виброприбор» — Кишинёв, Молдавия.

PO “Vibropribor” – Chisinau, Moldova.

Перевёрнутая буква «V» в треугольнике, стилизованная под пик сигнала на осциллографе.
Знак предприятия, встречающийся на эффектных многопризменных светофильтрах.

An inverted “V” in a triangle, stylized as a signal peak on an oscilloscope.
The company’s logo, found on spectacular multi-prism filters.

ВОМЗ

Вологодский оптико-механический завод — Вологда.

Vologda Optical-Mechanical Plant – Vologda.

Буква «В» с проходящим через неё лучом, стилизация под лук со стрелой.
Первоначально предприятие именовалось как: Вологодский приборостроительный завод «Луч» (структурное подразделение ВОМЗ).
Эмблема использовалась до конца 1980-х годов.

The letter “B” with a beam passing through it, stylized as a bow and arrow.
Initially, the enterprise was called: Vologda Instrument-Making Plant “Luch” (a structural subdivision of VOMZ).
The emblem was used until the end of the 1980s.

Современная эмблема.
Стилизация интерференционной картины трёхточечного крепления линзы — ассоциация с буквой «V».

Modern emblem. Stylized interference pattern of a three-point lens mount — an association with the letter “V”.

Геодезия

Завод «Геодезия», №356 — Москва.

Geodesy Plant, No. 356 — Moscow.

Отражательная призма с ходом луча в ней, проходящим через две линзы.
Первоначально — организованные в 1811 году военные механические мастерские по изготовлению и ремонту геодезических инструментов в Санкт-Петербурге. С 1918 по 1923 год находится в эвакуации в Ташкенте, затем переезжает в Москву. В 1925 году мастерская становится фабрикой «Геодезия» треста «Геокартпром». С 1933 года — завод «Геодезия». Довоенная специализация предприятия — аэрофотоаппаратура. В 1941 году завод был эвакуирован в Свердловск, где в 1949 году перепрофилирован на выпуск радиолокационного оборудования и переименован в завод «Вектор».

Reflective prism with a beam passing through two lenses.
Initially, military mechanical workshops for the manufacture and repair of geodetic instruments organized in 1811 in St. Petersburg. From 1918 to 1923, it was evacuated to Tashkent, then moved to Moscow. In 1925, the workshop became the Geodesy factory of the Geokartprom trust. Since 1933, the Geodesy plant. The pre-war specialization of the enterprise was aerial photography equipment. In 1941, the plant was evacuated to Sverdlovsk, where in 1949 it was re-profiled for the production of radar equipment and renamed the Vector plant.

Геофизика

Завод «Геофизика», №217, №589 — Москва.

Geophysics

Plant “Geophysics”, No. 217, No. 589 – Moscow.

Отражательная призма с выборкой под крепление шпонкой с ходом луча в ней.
Несмотря на некоторую внешнюю похожесть, это не призма Дове — знак КМЗ, и не часть составной т.н. «башмачной» призмы.
Знак использовался примерно с 1937 года после передачи в НКОП (с 1939 года — в НКВ).
До этого использовал символику Треста точной механики и ВООМП с указанием названия завода.

Reflective prism with a recess for fastening with a key with a beam path in it.
Despite some external similarity, this is not a Dove prism – the KMZ sign, and not part of a composite so-called “shoe” prism.
The sign was used approximately from 1937 after being transferred to the NKOP (since 1939 – to the NKV).
Before that, it used the symbols of the Precision Mechanics Trust and VOOMP with the name of the plant.

Послевоенная эмблема.
Логотип ГОЗ — Государственный оптический завод «Геофизика».

Post-war emblem.
Logo of the State Optical Plant “Geophysics”.

ГОМЗ

Государственный оптико-механический завод, №349 — Ленинград.

State Optical-Mechanical Plant, No. 349 – Leningrad.

Пентапризма с ходом луча в ней.
В 1962 году завод вошёл в состав Ленинградского объединения оптико-механических предприятий (ЛООМП), которое в 1965 году было преобразовано в ЛОМО.
Знак использовался в качестве символики Всесоюзного объединения оптико-механической промышленности (ВООМП, 1930–1936 годы), в том числе — и в перевёрнутом виде.

Pentaprism with a beam path in it.
In 1962, the plant became part of the Leningrad Association of Optical-Mechanical Enterprises (LOOMP), which was transformed into LOMO in 1965.
The sign was used as a symbol of the All-Union Association of Optical-Mechanical Industry (VOOMP, 1930-1936), including in an inverted form.

Диапроектор

Рогачёвский завод «Диапроектор» — Рогачёв, Белоруссия.

Slide projector

Rogachev plant “Slide projector” – Rogachev, Belarus.

Стилизованные буквы «Р» и «Д» вокруг объектива (центральный круг).

Stylized letters “P” and “D” around the lens (central circle).

Зенит

Оптико-механический завод «Зенит» — Вилейка, Белоруссия.

Optical-mechanical plant “Zenit” – Vileika, Belarus.

Стилизованное изображение аиста.

Stilizovannoye izobrazheniye aista.

Stylized image of a stork.

Завод экспонометрических приборов

Завод экспонометрических приборов — Москва.

Exposure Metering Instruments Plant

Буквы «М» (Москва) и «Э» (Экспонометр).

The letters “M” (Moscow) and “E” (Exposure Meter).

Завод имени Масленникова

Завод имени А.А. Масленникова (ЗИМ) — Куйбышев (Самара).

Factory named after Maslennikov

Plant named after A.A. Maslennikova (ZIM) – Kuibyshev (Samara).

Циферблат прибора со стрелкой, вписанный в пятиугольник. Деления шкалы намекают на угадываемую букву «М».
Приборостроительное предприятие, выпускавшее центральные затворы.

The dial of the device with an arrow inscribed in a pentagon. The divisions of the scale hint at the guessable letter “M”. Instrument-making enterprise that produced central locks.

ЗОМЗ

Загорский оптико-механический завод, №355 — Загорск (Сергиев Посад).

Zagorsk Optical-Mechanical Plant, No. 355 – Zagorsk (Sergiev Posad).

	«Склейка» из трёх линз. Знак использовался до 1962 года. “Gluing” of three lenses. The sign was used until 1962.
	Стилизованное изображение глаза. (завод начал специализироваться в производстве медицинской оптики, в том числе — офтальмологической) Stylized image of an eye. (the plant began to specialize in the production of medical optics, including ophthalmological ones)

ИЗОС, ИПЗ

Изюмский завод оптического стекла, Изюмский приборостроительный завод им. Дзержинского, №353 — Изюм, Украина.

Izyum Optical Glass Plant, Izyum Instrument-Making Plant named after Dzerzhinsky, No. 353 — Izyum, Ukraine.

	Призма и кристалл, образующие букву «i». Знак ИЗОС. Prism and crystal forming the letter “i”. ISOS sign.
	Буква «И» и линзы. Знак ИПЗ. Letter “I” and lenses. IPZ sign.

ИОМЗ

Изюмский оптико-механический завод — Изюм, Украина.

IOMZ

Izyum Optical-Mechanical Plant — Izyum, Ukraine.

Очки в ромбе.
(основная продукция завода — очковые линзы)
Знак завода, встречающийся на макро-насадках для дальномеров фотокамер типа ФЭД-Leica.

Glasses in a diamond.
(the main products of the plant are spectacle lenses)
The plant’s sign, found on macro-attachments for rangefinders of FED-Leica type cameras.

Очки.

Glasses.

ММЗ

MMZ

Завод № 297 НКВ, после перепрофилирования в 1949 году: Марийский машиностроительный завод — Йошкар-Ола.

Plant No. 297 NKV, after re-profiling in 1949: Mari Machine-Building Plant – Yoshkar-Ola.

Пентапризма.
Т.к. завод с августа 1941 по 1946 год выпускал исключительно военную продукцию, вариант знака без её признака — изображения серпа и молота со звездой — не применялся.

Pentaprism. Since the plant produced exclusively military products from August 1941 to 1946, the version of the sign without its feature – the image of a hammer and sickle with a star – was not used.

Прямоугольная призма с крышкой с ходом луча в ней.
Знак использовался после 1946 года в течение трёх лет для маркировки гражданской продукции (крупноформатные ящичные фотоаппараты типа ФК, кинопроекторы).

A rectangular prism with a cover with a beam path in it. The sign was used after 1946 for three years to mark civilian products (large-format box cameras of the FK type, film projectors).

КЗА

KZA

Киевский завод автоматики им. Г.И. Петровского, Завод «Точприбор» им. Г.И. Петровского — Киев, Украина.

Kiev Automatics Plant named after G.I. Petrovsky, Tochpribor Plant named after G.I. Petrovsky — Kyiv, Ukraine.

Символика предприятия по его основной продукции: приборы управления минно-торпедным оружием.
Предприятие выпускало кинокамеры марки «Киев» («Альфа»).

The symbolism of the enterprise according to its main product: mine-torpedo weapon control devices. The enterprise produced Kiev (Alpha) brand movie cameras.

КМЗ

Красногорский механический завод, Красногорский завод им. С.А. Зверева, №393 — Красногорск.

Krasnogorsk Mechanical Plant, Krasnogorsk Plant named after S.A. Zverev, No. 393 — Krasnogorsk.

	Призма Дове. Первоначальный, с 1942 года, знак завода (полный знак имел в своём составе изображение серпа и молота с пятиконечной звездой — над призмой Дове 2)). Объективы, выпущенные для комплектования камер других предприятий (производства завода Арсенал), могли маркироваться только заводской маркой: ЗОРКИЙ. Dove prism. The original, from 1942, factory mark (the full mark included an image of a hammer and sickle with a five-pointed star – above the Dove prism 2)). Lenses produced for equipping cameras of other enterprises (manufactured by the Arsenal plant) could be marked only with the factory mark: ZORKY.
	Призма Дове с ходом луча через неё. Знак был зарегистрирован в 1946 году 3)), но использовался с 1949 года. Dove prism with a beam passing through it. The mark was registered in 1946 3)), but has been used since 1949.
	Призма Дове с ходом луча через неё. Современный вид эмблемы. Dove prism with the beam passing through it. Modern appearance of the emblem.

КОМЗ

Казанский оптико-механический завод, №237 — Казань.

Kazan Optical-Mechanical Plant, No. 237 — Kazan.

Полупентапризма с ходом луча в ней.
Возможно, в эмблеме зашифрована буква «К» (и знак зеркально отражён относительно вертикальной оси).

A semi-pentaprism with a ray path in it.
Perhaps the letter “K” is encrypted in the emblem (and the sign is mirrored relative to the vertical axis).

ЛЗОС

Лыткаринский завод оптического стекла, №233 — Лыткарино.

Lytkarino Optical Glass Plant, No. 233 – Lytkarino.

Вписанные друг в друга стилизованные буквы «Л» (треугольник), «О» (круг) и «С».

Stylized letters “L” (triangle), “O” (circle) and “C” inscribed inside each other.

Завод фотопринадлежностей

Оптико-механический завод Главного Управления местной промышленности Ленгорисполкома, Ленинградский завод фотопринадлежностей, Ленинградский завод «Фотоприбор», Ленинградский завод «Оргатехника», Ленинградский завод «Оргтехника», Ленинградский опытный завод «Автотекст», «Завод Автотекст» — Ленинград (Санкт-Петербург).

Photographic Accessories Plant

Optical-Mechanical Plant of the Main Administration of Local Industry of the Leningrad City Executive Committee, Leningrad Photographic Accessories Plant, Leningrad Plant “Fotopribor”, Leningrad Plant “Orgatekhnika”, Leningrad Plant “Orgtekhnika”, Leningrad Experimental Plant “Avtotekst”, “Avtotekst Plant” – Leningrad (Saint Petersburg).

Стилизованная под циферблат прибора со стрелкой буква «Ф».

The letter “F” stylized as a dial with an arrow.

ЛОМО

Ленинградское оптико-механическое объединение — Ленинград (Санкт-Петербург).

Leningrad Optical-Mechanical Association – Leningrad (Saint Petersburg).

Буква «Л» — стилизованная под шпиль Адмиралтейства. В более полном варианте знака «шпиль» венчает кораблик.
На объективах ставился логотип: <ЛОМО>.
Организованное в 1962 году Ленинградское объединение оптико-механических предприятий (ЛООМП), куда вошли ГОМЗ, завод «Прогресс», завод «Кинап» и Опытный оптико-механический завод (ООМЗ), в 1965 году было преобразовано в ЛОМО.

The letter “L” is stylized as the spire of the Admiralty. In a more complete version of the sign, the “spire” is crowned by a ship.
The lenses had a logo: .
The Leningrad Association of Optical and Mechanical Enterprises (LOOMP), organized in 1962, which included GOMZ, the Progress plant, the Kinap plant, and the Experimental Optical and Mechanical Plant (OOMZ), was transformed into LOMO in 1965.

ЛОМЗ

Ленинградский оптико-механический завод, №350 — Ленинград.

LOMZ

Leningrad Optical-Mechanical Plant, No. 350 — Leningrad.

Две линзы.
Завод был организован выделением из завода «Большевик» (Обуховский завод) оптического производства. Просуществовал до слияния в Новосибирске с эвакуированным в Новосибирск заводом №69.

Two lenses.
The plant was organized by separating optical production from the Bolshevik plant (Obukhov plant). It existed until its merger in Novosibirsk with Plant No. 69, which was evacuated to Novosibirsk.

ММЗ

Минский механический завод им. С.И. Вавилова, №941 — Минск, Белоруссия.

MMZ

Minsk Mechanical Plant named after S.I. Vavilov, No. 941 — Minsk, Belarus.

Линза.

Lens.

ЗТМ, НПЗ

Завод точной механики, №19, №69 — Красногорск.
Новосибирский приборостроительный завод, №69 — Новосибирск.

ZTM, NPZ

Precision Mechanics Plant, No. 19, No. 69 — Krasnogorsk.
Novosibirsk Instrument-Making Plant, No. 69 — Novosibirsk.

	Знак Павшинского завода точной механики 4): образующийся в центральной части пятиугольник — равносторонний. Завод точной механики (ЗТМ) № 19 НКОП, затем — завод № 69 им. Ленина (НКВ), был эвакуирован в 1941 году из Красногорска в Новосибирск и в итоге стал называться НПЗ. Большая часть военной продукции маркировалась иначе — см. примечание 2. Pavshinsky Precision Mechanics Plant 4: the pentagon formed in the central part is equilateral. Precision Mechanics Plant (PMP) No. 19 NKOP, then Plant No. 69 named after Lenin (NKV), was evacuated in 1941 from Krasnogorsk to Novosibirsk and eventually became known as the NPZ. Most military products were marked differently – see note 2.
	Позднее эмблема предприятия приобрела несколько изменённые пропорции. Интересно, что в таком виде знак как бы обратен призме Дове — символу Красногорского завода 5): . Later, the company’s emblem acquired slightly altered proportions. It is interesting that in this form the sign is, as it were, the inverse of the Dove prism – the symbol of the Krasnogorsk plant 5):.
	Современная эмблема предприятия уже потеряла преемственность идей, изначально заложенных в знак. The company’s current emblem has already lost the continuity of the ideas originally embedded in the sign.

ОМЗ

Оптико-механический завод Главного управления местной промышленности — Ленинград.

Optical-mechanical plant of the Main Directorate of Local Industry – Leningrad.

Логотип предприятия внутри условных плоско-вогнутых линз.

The company logo is inside conventional plano-concave lenses.

ООМЗ

Опытный оптико-механический завод «Русские самоцветы» — Ленинград.

Experimental optical-mechanical plant “Russian gems” – Leningrad.

Предприятие создано в 1936 году как опытные производственные мастерские при Центральной научно-исследовательской лаборатории треста «Русские самоцветы». С 1945 года — Опытный оптико-механический завод треста «Русские самоцветы». Входил в трест до его ликвидации в 1957 году. В 1962 году завод вошёл в состав ЛООМП (с 1965 года — ЛОМО).

The enterprise was established in 1936 as experimental production workshops at the Central Research Laboratory of the Russian Gems Trust. Since 1945 — Experimental Optical-Mechanical Plant of the Russian Gems Trust. It was part of the trust until its liquidation in 1957. In 1962, the plant became part of LOOMP (since 1965 — LOMO).

ООТ

Отдел оперативной техники 1-го Главного управления МГБ СССР — Москва.

Department of operational equipment of the 1st Main Directorate of the MGB of the USSR – Moscow.

На щите («безопасность») с крыльями («оперативность») вписанные друг в друга буквы «О», «О» и «Т». Внутреннее «О» напоминает замочную скважину.
Ставился на отдельных образцах специальной фототехники скрытной фиксации и контроля — фотоаппаратах АЯКС и УФА 6).

On the shield (“safety”) with wings (“operational”) are the letters “O”, “O” and “T” inscribed into each other. The inner “O” resembles a keyhole.
It was installed on certain models of special photographic equipment for covert recording and control – the AJAX and UFA cameras 6).

Прогресс

Завод «Прогресс», №357 — Ленинград.

Progress
Progress Plant, No. 357 — Leningrad.

Незамкнутый контур плоско-выпуклой линзы, намёк на букву «П» (перевёрнутую).
Вариант знака, использовавшийся до 1938 года.
Завод основан в 1926 году на базе неработавшего завода «Промет».

An open contour of a plano-convex lens, a hint of the letter “P” (inverted).
A variant of the sign used until 1938.
The plant was founded in 1926 on the basis of the non-operating “Promet” plant.

Плоско-выпуклая линза.
В эвакуации завод находился в Омске, после вернулся в Ленинград.

Plano-convex lens.
During the evacuation the plant was in Omsk, then returned to Leningrad.

РОМЗ

Ростовский оптико-механический завод — Ростов Великий.

ROMZ

Rostov Optical and Mechanical Plant – Rostov the Great.

Стилизованное изображение трёх куполов и линзы.

Stylized image of three domes and a lens.

Техприбор

Завод «Техприбор» — Казань (1941–1946), Ленинград (Санкт-Петербург).

Tekhpribor

Tekhpribor Plant — Kazan (1941–1946), Leningrad (Saint Petersburg).

Стилизация буквы «А» — «Астра» (внутри — возможно стилизованная под треугольник буква «Т»).
В более позднем знаке 1960-х годов под старый знак было подложено изображение трёхлучевой магнитофонной катушки (завод в то время стал производить бытовые магнитофоны марки «Астра»).
В фототехнике знак встречается на пневматических автоспусках.

Stylization of the letter “A” – “Astra” (inside – possibly a stylized triangle letter “T”).
In a later sign of the 1960s, an image of a three-beam tape recorder reel was placed under the old sign (at that time, the plant began to produce household tape recorders of the “Astra” brand).
In photographic equipment, the sign is found on pneumatic self-timers.

Точприбор

Завод маркшейдерских инструментов (ЗМИ), Харьковский завод точного приборостроения «Точприбор» — Харьков, Украина.

Mine Surveying Instrument Plant (ZMI), Kharkiv Precision Instrument Plant “Tochpribor” – Kharkiv, Ukraine.

Завод маркшейдерских инструментов до своего переименования в 1981 году использовал для маркировки продукции логотип «зМи», одно время — копировал двухлинзовую склейку знака Carl Zeiss Jena (и родственных предприятий) с надписями, соответственно: «ЗМИ» вверху и «ХАРЬКОВ» внизу.

Before its renaming in 1981, the mine surveying instrument factory used the “zMI” logo for product marking; at one time, it copied the two-lens glued together Carl Zeiss Jena (and related companies) logo with the inscriptions, respectively: “ZMI” at the top and “KHARKOV” at the bottom.

Эмблема завода «Точприбор».

Emblem of the Tochpribor plant.

СОМЗ

Салаватский оптико-механический завод («Беркут») — Салават.

SOMZ

Salavat Optical-Mechanical Plant (“Berkut”) – Salavat.

Две прямоугольные призмы, образующие очертания буквы «S».

Two rectangular prisms forming the outline of the letter “S”.

УОМЗ

Уральский оптико-механический завод, №217 — Свердловск (Екатеринбург).

UOMZ

Ural Optical-Mechanical Plant, No. 217 — Sverdlovsk (Ekaterinburg).

Отражательная призма с выборкой под крепление шпонкой с ходом луча в ней.
Завод был организован в 1941 году на базе части эвакуированного на время войны из Москвы завода Геофизика, переняв от него номер (№ 217) и символику.
В фототехнике знак встречается на первых фотоэкспонометрах марки «Свердловск».

Reflective prism with a recess for fastening with a key with a beam path in it.
The plant was organized in 1941 on the basis of a part of the Geofizika plant evacuated from Moscow during the war, having adopted its number (No. 217) and symbols.
In photographic equipment, the sign is found on the first Sverdlovsk brand photo exposure meters.

Стилизованное изображение совы.

Stilizovannoye izobrazheniye sovy.

Stylized image of an owl.

ФЭД

Харьковский машиностроительный завод «ФЭД», №3 НКВД, №296 НКАП — Харьков, Украина.

За всю историю предприятия существовало множество вариантов знака для гражданской продукции, но все они, так или иначе, представляли собой логотип — название завода — инициалы Феликса Эдмундовича Дзержинского.

Kharkov Machine-Building Plant “FED”, No. 3 NKVD, No. 296 NKAP – Kharkov, Ukraine.

Throughout the history of the enterprise, there were many variants of the sign for civilian products, but all of them, one way or another, represented the logo – the name of the plant – the initials of Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky.

	Первоначальный логотип. The original logo.
	Одна из старых эмблем завода. Появилась примерно в 1949 году. One of the old emblems of the plant. Appeared around 1949.
	Стилизация названия завода под линзу. Знак перекликается с заводским клеймом, ставившимся на военную продукцию (см. ниже). Stylization of the plant name as a lens. The sign echoes the plant stamp placed on military products (see below).
	Один из последних логотипов. One of the latest logos.
	Для военной продукции завод ФЭД не мог использовать собственный логотип, поэтому применялся другой знак: «разорванная» линза, как бы образующая букву «Ф». For military products, the FED plant could not use its own logo, so another sign was used: a “torn” lens, as if forming the letter “F”.

ФОЗ

Феодосийский оптический завод — Феодосия.

Логотип торговой марки «ОПТА».

Фотоприбор

Черкасский завод «Фотоприбор» — Черкассы, Украина.

Стилизованное изображение сокола («Сокол» — торговая марка предприятия, это же название носит ЦКБ завода).

Юпитер

Оптико-механический завод «Юпитер» — Валдай.

Знак представляет собой «зашифрованную» букву «Ю»

Примечания:

Здесь в тексте термины «эмблема», «знак», «значок» и даже «логотип» (буквенный знак) — являются синонимами. Строго юридически в настоящее время существует только понятие «товарный знак».
Однако необходимо помнить, что различные термины из области маркировки имеют немного разное значение. Особенно большая разница между «знаком» и «маркой», которые часто смешивают. Под «знаком» правильно понимать, как правило, какое-либо непроизносимое графическое изображение, «марка» же — обязательно название.

1) — Часть названий заводов даны не в полном виде. Современные названия и правопреемственность предприятий (после акционирования и проч.), равно как их существование — не исследовались.
Из неоптических предприятий различного ведомственного подчинения здесь приведены знаки тех заводов, которые выпускали аксессуары и комплектующие к потребительской фототехнике.
Большинство знаков дано в схематичном виде, который передаёт идею построения, но не учитывает возможную различную толщину линий, форму стрелок, вид «оперений» и прочие элементы существовавших изображений знаков.
Иногда к заводским знакам добавлялись аббривиатуры или даже названия-логотипы предприятий. Подобные варианты символики предприятий (за исключением Красногорского завода) здесь также не приводятся, как излишние. Также не приводится какая-либо иная символика предприятий, не использовавшаяся в маркировке продукции.
В вышеприведенном списке перечислены не все предприятия оптической отрасли и не все знаки предприятий-изготовителей. Принадлежность некоторых знаков, к сожалению, пока остаётся не определённой. Здесь надо также отметить, что на военной продукции часто встречаются иные клейма, не имеющие отношения к производителям. Это — условные знаки арсеналов, ремонтных служб и т.д.

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Notes:

Here in the text the terms “emblem”, “sign”, “icon” and even “logo” (letter sign) are synonyms. Strictly legally, at present, only the concept of “trademark” exists.
However, it is necessary to remember that various terms from the field of marking have slightly different meanings. There is a particularly big difference between “sign” and “brand”, which are often confused. As a rule, a “sign” is correctly understood as some unpronounceable graphic image, while “brand” is necessarily a name.

1) – Some of the names of the plants are not given in full. The current names and legal succession of enterprises (after corporatization, etc.), as well as their existence, have not been studied.
Of the non-optical enterprises of various departmental subordination, the signs of those plants that produced accessories and components for consumer photographic equipment are given here. Most of the signs are given in a schematic form, which conveys the idea of the construction, but does not take into account the possible different thickness of the lines, the shape of the arrows, the type of “feathers” and other elements of the existing images of the signs. Sometimes abbreviations or even names-logos of enterprises were added to the factory signs. Such variants of the symbols of enterprises (with the exception of the Krasnogorsk plant) are also not given here, as unnecessary. Also, any other symbols of enterprises that were not used in the marking of products are not given. The above list does not include all enterprises of the optical industry and not all the signs of the manufacturing enterprises. The affiliation of some signs, unfortunately, remains uncertain. It should also be noted here that other brands that are not related to the manufacturers are often found on military products. These are conventional signs of arsenals, repair services, etc.

6) — Название «УФА» не имеет никакого отношения к одноимённому городу, а является аббериатурой и предположительно расшифровывается как: Универсальный ФотоАппарат (возможно: «управляемый»). АЯКС — тоже аббревиатура: инициалы разработчика прототипа (А.Я. — расшифровка неизвестна), Камера Специальная. В серийном производстве (КМЗ) вариант 1952 года АЯКС-12 (нумерация моделей шла по годам разработки: 8 — 1948 г., 9 — 1949 г., 10 — 1950 г., 11 — 1951 г.) получил индекс «Ф-21» (Фотоаппарат, индекс соответствует ширине применяемой фотоплёнки — 21 мм), гражданский вариант (девяностые годы XX века) — Зенит МФ-1 (МикроФотоаппарат, первый).

6) — The name “UFA” has nothing to do with the city of the same name, but is an abbreviation and presumably stands for: Universal Photo Apparatus (possibly: “controlled”). AJAX is also an abbreviation: the initials of the prototype developer (A.Ya. — decoding unknown), Special Camera. In serial production (KMZ), the 1952 version of the AJAX-12 (models were numbered according to the year of development: 8 – 1948, 9 – 1949, 10 – 1950, 11 – 1951) received the index “F-21” (Camera, the index corresponds to the width of the film used – 21 mm), the civilian version (nineties of the 20th century) – Zenit MF-1 (Microcamera, the first).

Ссылки по теме:

Б.В. Давыдов: От лупы до высокоточного оружия — об истории отечественной оптико-механической промышленности.
Происхождение марок и названий фотоаппаратуры.

Related links:

B.V. Davydov: From a magnifying glass to high-precision weapons — about the history of the domestic optical-mechanical industry.
Origin of brands and names of photographic equipment.

Signs of optical industry enterprises of the USSR
Almost all optical industry enterprises of the Soviet Union were part of the country’s military-industrial complex. For a long time, some plants did not even have their own public name and were listed only under numbers. In Soviet catalogs, the origin of a particular lens, camera or other photographic device was almost never deciphered. Even from operating manuals, it was not always possible to “figure out” the manufacturer and its location. Therefore, without knowing the ownership of the plant marks and stamps with which the products were marked, it is often impossible to determine the manufacturer. 1)

AOMZ
Azov Optical and Mechanical Plant, No. 318 – Azov.
AOMZ old mark Schmidt prism with a beam path in it.
Old plant sign.
AOMZ mark Modern emblem of the enterprise (a mirror image of the sign relative to the vertical axis is also found).
Symbolism of a strong mechanical coupling — the plant produced docking units for space technology.
Arsenal
Plant and Production Association “Arsenal”, No. 784 — Kyiv, Ukraine.
Arsenal mark The letter “A” stylized as an image of a prism.
Vega
Uman Plant “Vega” — Uman, Ukraine.
Vega mark Change in the sign of the PO “Arsenal”, which included the plant until 1995. The resulting arrow pointing inward and downwards of the sign forms the letter “V”.
Before that year, the plant’s products were marked with the sign of the parent company.
Vibrator
Plant “Vibrator” — Leningrad (Saint Petersburg).
Vibrator mark The letter “V” in a triangle.
The plant’s sign, found on photo exposure meters of the “Leningrad” brand.
Vibropribor
PO “Vibropribor” — Chisinau, Moldova.
Vibropribor mark An inverted letter “V” in a triangle, stylized as a signal peak on an oscilloscope.
Enterprise sign, found on spectacular multi-prism light filters.
VOMZ
Vologda Optical and Mechanical Plant — Vologda.
VOMZ old mark The letter “V” with a beam passing through it, stylized as a bow and arrow.
Initially, the enterprise was called: Vologda Instrument-Making Plant “Luch” (a structural subdivision of VOMZ).
The emblem was used until the late 1980s.
VOMZ mark Modern emblem.
Stylized interference pattern of a three-point lens mount — an association with the letter “V”.
Geodesy
Plant “Geodesy”, No. 356 — Moscow.
Geodesia mark Reflective prism with a beam path in it, passing through two lenses.
Initially, military mechanical workshops for the manufacture and repair of geodetic instruments organized in 1811 in St. Petersburg. From 1918 to 1923, it was evacuated to Tashkent, then moved to Moscow. In 1925, the workshop became the Geodesy factory of the Geokartprom trust. Since 1933, the Geodesy plant. The pre-war specialization of the enterprise was aerial photography equipment. In 1941, the plant was evacuated to Sverdlovsk, where in 1949 it was re-profiled for the production of radar equipment and renamed the Vector plant.
Geophysics
Geophysics plant, No. 217, No. 589 – Moscow.
Geofizika mark Reflective prism with a recess for fastening with a key with a beam path in it.
Despite some external similarity, this is not a Dove prism — the KMZ mark, and not part of a composite so-called “shoe” prism.
The mark was used approximately from 1937 after being transferred to the NKOP (since 1939 — to the NKV).
Before that, it used the symbols of the Precision Mechanics Trust and VOOMP with the name of the plant.
GOZ Geofizika mark Post-war emblem.
Logo of the GOZ — State Optical Plant “Geophysics”.
GOMZ
State Optical-Mechanical Plant, No. 349 — Leningrad.
GOMZ mark Pentaprism with a beam path in it.
In 1962, the plant became part of the Leningrad Association of Optical-Mechanical Enterprises (LOOMP), which was transformed into LOMO in 1965.
The mark was used as a symbol of the All-Union Association of Optical and Mechanical Industry (VOOMP, 1930-1936), including in an inverted form.
Slide projector
Rogachev Diaproektor Plant — Rogachev, Belarus.
Diaproektor mark Stylized letters “P” and “D” around the lens (central circle).
Zenit
Zenit Optical and Mechanical Plant — Vileyka, Belarus.
Vileyka Zenit plant mark Stylized image of a stork.
Exposure Measuring Instruments Plant
Exposure Measuring Instruments Plant — Moscow.
ZEP mark Letters “M” (Moscow) and “E” (Exposure Meter).
Maslennikov Plant
A.A. Maslennikov Plant (ZIM) — Kuibyshev (Samara).
ZiM mark The dial of the device with an arrow, inscribed in a pentagon. The divisions of the scale hint at the guessable letter “M”.
Instrument-making enterprise that produced central shutters.
ZOMZ
Zagorsk Optical and Mechanical Plant, No. 355 – Zagorsk (Sergiev Posad).
ZOMZ old mark “Gluing” of three lenses.
The mark was used until 1962.
ZOMZ mark Stylized image of an eye.
(the plant began to specialize in the production of medical optics, including ophthalmological)
IZOS, IPZ
Izyum Optical Glass Plant, Izyum Instrument-Making Plant named after Dzerzhinsky, No. 353 – Izyum, Ukraine.
IZOS

World exports of semiconductors to Russia fell by 90% since the United States and its allies imposed restrictions on the export of computer chips to the country due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, US Trade Minister Gina Raimondo said on 29 June 2022.https://aomz.org/company/history.php/

Joint Stock Company “Azov Optical and Mechanical Plant” (JSC “AOMZ”) is one of the largest enterprises in the South of Russia. The history of the plant is a complex but interesting way of becoming from ordinary mechanical workshops to a modernly equipped enterprise. The association has been specializing for decades in the field of instrumentation and mechanical engineering, which gives it the ability to manufacture products of the highest degree of complexity and accuracy: spectral and thermal imaging equipment, medical devices, opto-mechanical and opto-electronic products and, finally, products for the aerospace complex.

The plant has a wide production base , which includes: Foundry Tool production Thermal production Stamping and frame production Machining production optical manufacturing PCB manufacturing Plastics recycling Coating production assembly production Welding production

The production has extensive experience in the manufacture of optical parts from optical colored and colorless glasses, crystals, polycrystals and optical ceramics. A powerful production base and highly qualified personnel allow manufacturing optics of various configurations and degrees of complexity. The organization of the production of multilayer printed circuit boards is underway. Packet assembly section: double-spindle high-precision machine with automatic optical positioning, semi-automatic machine for assembly of the MPP bag by drilling and riveting before pressing, semi-automatic machine for milling to a given depth.

The history of the Joint Stock Company “Azov Optical and Mechanical Plant” dates back to February 1946. Then the enterprise was called “Azovselmash” and it was then that the first planned products of the plant were produced – spare parts for the repair of agricultural machinery, dies, cutting tools.In 1947, the plant received an order for the production of watermelon and castor threshers, various parts and devices for assembling combines and tractors.

Since 1949, the enterprise has begun serial production of defense products – mines and anti-tank grenades – and received the name “State Union Plant Mailbox No. 1”. New workshops were created: forging and pressing, galvanic and assembly.

In August 1960, in accordance with the decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the plant began to form as an optical-mechanical plant. Since that moment, new productions have been developed: precision mechanics, optics, electronics. Specialized laboratories, a powerful design bureau are being created, and industrial construction is being carried out. This decade was also marked by the development of optical-mechanical instruments for civil purposes: 1962 – mine interferometers, 64 – steeloscopes, 67 – monochromators.

There is a development of a group of consumer goods. These are various modifications of amateur film projectors, household electric bells, door peepholes, etc. In 1966, the enterprise was renamed into “Azov Optical and Mechanical Plant”. Since that time, a new page has opened in the history of the plant, connected with the development and production of products for the country’s aerospace complex .

In the 1970s, 35 new civilian products were mastered: excitation sources for atomic spectra, thermal imagers for medical research and scientific work, digital display units, spectral and copier devices for laboratory analysis and research, and devices for the coal industry and mechanical engineering. The plant already produces 60 types of products, 10 of which are certified for the State Quality Mark, including the SHI-10 mine interferometer and the SL-12 steeloscope. Household lamps and household optics, souvenirs appear among consumer goods.

In 1976, the plant was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor for merits in the creation and development of new equipment. In the 1980s, a Fourier spectrometer and a light pulse source were developed and put into production. Photo enlargers of the brand “Azov”, “Don”, photo illuminator “Photon”, slide projector “Sputnik-2”, rotary and wheel supports, spectrometers are produced. In 1984, a novelty appears – the Raduga thermal imager, designed for medical research.

In 1988, the Azov Optical and Mechanical Plant received the status of a production association. It includes the head enterprise, the central design bureau, factories in Baku and Rostov-on-Don, and the Spektr production in the Rostov region.

In 1991, in accordance with the agreement on technical cooperation between PA “AOMZ” and the Japanese company “Yamato”, the association starts the production of ultra- and high-speed industrial sewing overlock sewing machines. Within 3 years, the transition to in-house production of all components and parts of the overlock is carried out. At the moment, the plant is mastering and producing new models of Yamato-AOMZ sewing machines. In some years, the export of stitching and overcasting machines produced by the plant reaches 80%.

In 1993, the development and production of a beet harvesting complex began, and later the plant mastered the production of a number of agricultural machines: a precision seed sowing machine, tractor sprayers. In 1997, based on the production of sewing machines, the enterprise developed a portable machine for sewing up filled bags made of jute, hemp, cotton, linen fabrics, paper, plastic, etc.

On May 9, 2004, by the Decree of the President of Russia, FSUE “PO” AOMZ “became part of the JSC “Corporation” Tactical Missile Weapons “. The entry into the structure entailed the corporatization of the enterprise, determined the priority areas of activity.

On December 15, 2004, the plant changed its organizational and legal form, becoming an open joint stock company. On November 5, 2015, in connection with bringing the constituent documents of the Company in line with the norms of Chapter 4 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (as amended by the Federal Law of 05.05.2014 N 99-FZ) in terms of changing the legal form of the Company, the plant changed the legal form, becoming a joint-stock company.www.darkos.ru Joint Stock Company «DARKOS» (Darkos, Inc.) was launched in February of 1997 following the joint decision of the Federal Foundation for the Development of Electronics and of the Department of Electronic Industry of the Defense Ministry of the Russian Federation. More than 15 enterprises of defense industry specializing on fundamental research and industrial production of night vision devices joint the company as its founders. . The main tasks of DARKOS CJSC are the development of new technologies and, on their basis, the organization of the industrial production of night vision devices and image intensifier tubes for the needs of the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the FPS, the FSB, etc.

Night vision goggles “Darkos-NGB / 1” are supplied complete with night vision binoculars “Darkos-NB / 2”, which is mounted on a comfortable helmet-mask, fixed on the head. The device of the helmet-mask allows you to adjust the position of the glasses relative to the eyes and provides them with a quick tilt with fixation in a vertical position. The glasses can be used like binoculars. To do this, they are equipped with interchangeable long-focus lenses that provide greater magnification and increased viewing range. When using a lens with a magnification of 3.2x, the device is a darkos-NB / 2-3.2 night binocular, supplied separately.

Goggles “Darkos-NGB / 2” are designed for night observation while traveling by motor transport, for sea and river maneuvers in the dark, for astronomical research. The glasses are distinguished by their light weight and size, variable distance between the eyepieces, refocusing lenses and ease of use. The goggles are fixed on a helmet-mask attached to the head. For “absolute darkness” a special lighting system is provided. The device is designed in a waterproof case.

The binoculars “Darkos-NPB / 2-4” are designed on the basis of the “2+”, “super 2+” and “3” generations of an electro-optical converter (EOC) with an increased sensitivity of a multi-alkaline photocathode, high brightness amplification and a built-in high voltage power supply. The device is equipped with high-quality lenses and a special eyepiece system, which provides high-quality images with an even distribution of resolution throughout the entire field of view of the device. The binoculars have an automatic brightness control system and a device to protect the device and human eyes from light flashes.

The Night vision monocular “Darkos-NM / 3-3” is made in a plastic case “Praktik” made of impact-resistant plastic. The built-in infrared illuminator is harmless to health and ensures observation in complete darkness. The device is made on an image intensifier with a large photocathode, which provides a high-quality image of the observed objects. It is possible to use interchangeable high-quality lenses providing 1x, 2x, 3x magnification. Special seals and gaskets make the device water resistant. Finishing pushbuttons provide separate activation of the night vision device and the infrared illuminator.

The primary mission of «Darkos, Inc.» consists of elaboration of new high technologies and of creation on this basis of industrial output of night vision devices and optical electronic transformers for the needs of law enforcement, defense and security agencies. Technological and engineering potential of the company has no equals except a few leading manufacturers of night vision devices in the world, located in the USA, Israel and Holland. This fact tells of the high potency of the newly created company.

The Joint Stock Company «DARKOS» represents a consolidated association of partners, linked in-between not only by the frames of their status of share holders, but by far more essential factors such as reciprocal penetration of production, technological and research interests, stemming from mighty economic and financial philosophy of the company. This philosophy is supported by the findings about corporate prospects and consumption capacity of both domestic and international markets.

Under the terms of to-days economic situation extremely meaningful is the fact that «Darkos, Inc.» as an export oriented company has manufacturing and technological processes which form an internal circle of self sufficient production lines with 100% duplication. This fact assures the fulfillment of all the contract obligations of the company.

Commenting upon the financial and commodity possibilities of «Darkos, Inc.» to operate in the market of night vision devices and technologies, one can say with confidence that «Darkos, Inc.», though the company is not a monopolist, plays a significant role and may affect the market situation with regard to both professional and non-professional night vision devices.

Technical policy of the Joint Stock Company «Darkos» made it possible not only to use production and research potentialities more efficiently and to secure work load for Moscow and regional production sites in Russia, but it also gave an opportunity to create additional work places along with high rate production profitability for all its founders.https://www.google.com/maps/@55.873914,49.220208,118m/data=!3m1!1e3?entry=ttu https://komzrt.ru/ JSC Kazan Optical-Mechanical Factory AO Kazanski Optiko-Mekhanicheski Zavod AO KOMZ KOMZ KOMZ RT 37 Lipatova Street Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan 420075, Russia Kazanskiy+Optiko-Mekhanicheskiy+Zavod

JSC “KOMZ” – one of the leading enterprises in the optical industry of the Russian Federation – offers products that are widely used in the defense and food industries, in agriculture and security services, in geodesy and geology, in medicine and environmental protection, in work authorities of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Kazan Optical and Mechanical Plant ( KOMZ ) is a Russian diversified enterprise specializing in the development and production of optical devices. The full name of the enterprise is Joint Stock Company Kazan Optical and Mechanical Plant. Located in the village of Derbyshki, Sovietsky district of the city of Kazan , Tatarstan. Since 2015, Stella-K JSC has been operating on the territory of the enterprise, which is engaged in the serial production of electronic warfare equipment.

JSC KOMZ is a Russian diversified enterprise specialising in the development and production of optical devices and electronic warfare equipment (including radars, binoculars, etc.). JSC KOMZ produces Moscow-1, Rychag-AV and Quicksilver-BM electronic warfare systems that are being delivered to the Russian Armed Forces and which are used in the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine.

KOMZ JSC supplies its products to all regions of the Russian Federation, countries of the Customs Union and abroad. The production has organized a multi-stage quality control of products and has implemented, certified and effectively operates a quality management system (QMS) that meets the requirements of GOST R ISO 9001-2015, GOST RV 0015-002-2012, GOST R 58876-2020.

In 1935, the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR decided to build a new large optical-mechanical plant – an understudy GOMZ in the Volga region. A commission has been set up to select a site for the construction of a new plant,

On October 11, 1936, the Council of Labor and Defense of the USSR adopts a resolution on the construction of a new optical-mechanical plant – an understudy of the Leningrad State Optical-Mechanical Plant (GOMZ) (currently LOMO OJSC) – on the site of a former carriage building plant in the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic at 18 km from Kazan. In Kazan at that time there were labor reserves, several technical universities trained qualified specialists, there was an established railway and water connection and a prepared site for the construction of Vagonstroy. The design of the plant was entrusted to Lengiprommash, and GOMZ was entrusted with providing the future plant with documentation and training personnel.

On February 3, 1937, the plant under construction was assigned the number 237, in June the Construction Department was organized, the head of which was Olshansky Vladimir Leonardovich. In the same year, along with the factory buildings, the construction of adobe barracks, two-story wooden houses and school No. 101 began. In December 1939, building 7 (mechanical shop No. 7) was commissioned, in which 25 pieces of equipment for the production of periscope tubes were installed.

On February 8, 1940, the People’s Commissariat of Finance of the USSR registered the plant as operating, assigning it No. 237. This date is considered the day the plant was founded. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War , on July 11, 1941, the Decree of the State Defense of the USSR No. GKO-99ss was issued on the evacuation of industrial enterprises, including plant No. 349 (GOMZ) to the site of plant No. 237 of the People’s Commissariat of Arms under construction in the Tatar ASSR.

From July to August 1941, 7 echelons with people and equipment arrived at the plant. 1284 workers and 327 engineers and their families arrived. On August 31, 1941, the last 7th echelon with equipment and employees of GOMZ arrives in Kazan. Director of GOMZ A.F. Solovyov, chief designer P.S. Konev, chief technologist M.A. Minkov come with him. Together with the evacuees, the staff of plant No. 237 is 3.5 thousand people. Two months after the arrival of the first echelon with Gomzovites, the first among all the evacuated factories in the industry, factory produced the first products for the front – 5,000 binoculars assembled from parts of unfinished production brought from Leningrad.

September 16, 1941 – order of the NKV No. 451 on merging with GOMZ and assigning the plant in Kazan No. 349. Andrey Fedorovich Solovyov is appointed director of the plant. In December 1941, the plant gave the front mortar and tank sights, and from the beginning of 1942 – the “famous” Hertz PG panorama artillery sight, which became the plant’s “crown” products throughout the war years.

on July 21, 1942 – by order of the NKV, the plant returns to number 237, under which it was built, GOMZ (in Leningrad) remains at number 349. In 1943, the plant already produced 43 types of products, of which 10 were in large series – binoculars , marine rangefinders , photographic lenses , photo control devices, mortar and tank sights, including the Hertz “PG” artillery panorama , sights for dive bombers PBL-2 , simulators.

By the end of the war, thanks to the introduction of the first overhead conveyor in the USSR for the assembly of binoculars with a given production rhythm, the production of binoculars was increased to 25,000 pieces per month.

At the beginning of 1945, 5663 people worked at the plant, of which 50.6% were under the age of 18. During the war years, the plant was awarded the Challenge Red Banner of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the State Defense Committee 17 times, and in 1946 it was awarded forever; 198 employees of the plant were awarded orders and a large group – medals. In total, during the war years, the plant sent to the front 700,000 binoculars, 30,000 gun, mortar, tank and about 1,000 bomber sights, On September 16, 1945, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the plant was awarded the Order of Lenin for outstanding services in the uninterrupted supply of field artillery, the Navy and aviation with optical instruments.

In the post-war years, the range of products changed significantly, the production of military equipment was significantly reduced. In 1946-47, binoculars 6×30, several types of magnifiers and lenses were produced. The plant is mastering the production of interferometers , astronomical and projection instruments , aerial photographic equipment for the air force, filming equipment, refractometers based on microfilming and electrophotographic equipment.

March 1951 – by order of the Ministry, an experimental design bureau (OKB) was organized at the plant. 1951 – the plant is renamed into mailbox No. 157. March 6, 1966 – an order was issued by the Minister of Defense Industry to replace the name with “Kazan Optical and Mechanical Plant”

The wide-field telescope-spectrograph “Lira”, manufactured by “KOMZ”, from the spacecraft “Soyuz-13”, ensured the receipt of unique ultraviolet spectrograms of stars in various parts of the starry sky (December 1973). At the Salyut-3 space station, the Sokol all-round viewing periscope (manufactured by KOMZ) is operated for panoramic observation of outer space and observation of astronauts outside the ship, external elements of the station structure (1975). The onboard submillimeter telescope BST-1 with a primary mirror diameter of 1.5 m (1977), developed and manufactured at KOMZ-e, was installed on the Salyut-6 space station. Work has begun on the creation of a multi-purpose electronic instrument complex “Pion-K” for long-term manned stations such as “Salyut” and “Mir”

June 1987 – the plant has a new status – Production Association “Kazan Optical and Mechanical Plant”. August 16, 1996 – the plant was corporatized in the State Property Committee of the Republic of Tatarstan as JSC “Kazan Optical and Mechanical Plant”, KOMZ JSC remains the only serial manufacturer of daytime observation equipment in Russia.

The US Department of Commerce amended the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) effective May 19, 2023 by adding seventy-one entities to the Entity List. These entities have been determined by the U.S. Government to be acting contrary to the national security or foreign policy interests of the United States. The Entity List identifies entities for which there is reasonable cause to believe, based on specific and articulable facts, that the entities have been involved, are involved, or pose a significant risk of being or becoming involved in activities contrary to the national security or foreign policy interests of the United States.

On 16 December 2022 the European Union expanded the list of entities connected to Russia’s military and industrial complex, on whom tighter export restrictions regarding dual-use goods and technology as well as goods and technology which might contribute to the technological enhancement of Russia’s defence and security sector are imposed by adding 168 new entities. JSC KOMZ is responsible for supporting materially actions, which undermined or threatened the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine. JSC KOMZ benefits from the war of aggression of Russia against Ukraine as it contributes to the supply of electronic warfare systems for the Russian Armed Forces and thus benefits directly from the growing need for arms. Due to the growing need for arms, JSC KOMZ is benefitting from the Government of the Russian Federation, which is responsible for the annexation of Crimea and the destabilisation of Ukraine.https://www.lomo.ru/ JSC LOMO is a leading Russian enterprise for the production of optical, optoelectronic, opto-digital and opto-mechanical devices, systems and complexes. The production of defense products is a matter of special pride at LOMO. The company employs about 2500 people. Together with cooperation enterprises, LOMO maintains Russia’s status as the world’s leading optical powerBeginning with its foundation in 1914 LOMO was largest optical device manufacturer for Russian Army. Times have changed and now LOMO works not only for military and space programs but also for science and industry and for the consumer productsmarket..

In the field of production of military products, positive trends are observed. In recent years, the volume of the State Defense Order has increased significantly. Today, delivery under the state defense order plays one of the significant roles in the formation of the main, profitable indicators of this area. The export of special products is also very important for the company.

JSC LOMO is the leading Russian enterprise in the production of optical, optoelectronic, opto-digital and opto-mechanical devices and systems. Currently, LOMO JSC maintains leadership in a number of areas of high-tech optical instrumentation: optical microscopy, medical endoscopy, thermal imaging equipment, optoelectronic surveillance systems for various purposes, ground-based and space telescope construction, eye-safe range laser systems, as well as in a number of areas of special application.

JSC LOMO successfully works in the field of manufacturing optical parts and components by order of head enterprises producing space and military equipment, parts with aspherical surfaces, ground-based optical systems, professional and amateur astronomy, manufacturing lenses for image visualization systems and for endoscopy. There is a steady demand for optical products using crystal optics and materials with special properties. JSC “LOMO” has an assembly plant for optical systems for the production of high-precision optical components and devices from prototypes to mass production.

The company produces a wide range of optical parts and components, from micro- to unique large-sized optics, including high-quality lenses operating in the infrared, ultraviolet and visible range for various purposes. According to the technical specifications of customers, LOMO JSC develops and completes the production of optical assemblies and components. Serial production of a line of high-aperture cinema lenses for professional film cameras is underway, and developments are underway to expand the functionality of the manufactured optics, allowing films to be shot in a wide-screen format, which corresponds to the most modern trends in the development of film production.

LOMO is actively engaged in promoting its products to the world markets. A significant volume of the company’s sales is export deliveries. Today, LOMO products are sold in dozens of countries around the world. LOMO has certificates confirming the compliance of the company’s quality system with the international standard.

Currently, LOMO maintains leadership in a number of areas of high-tech optical instrumentation: optical microscopy, medical endoscopy, thermal imaging equipment, optoelectronic surveillance systems for various purposes, ground-based and space telescope construction, eye-safe range laser systems, as well as in a number of special applications . Priority areas in the field of product development are: the creation of competitive products for traditional and new instrumentation areas, including opto-electronic and opto-digital systems of new generations and an increase in the level of demand for products.

On February 4, 1914, when the “Russian Joint-Stock Company of Optical and Mechanical Production” was created, the history of the first Russian company producing optical-mechanical and optoelectronic devices began. The enterprise was created, grew and developed in a very difficult historical period and throughout its journey has always occupied a special place in industry, economy and in the history of our state. From the first years of its existence, the plant built in St. Petersburg on Chugunnaya Street began to develop, manufacture and supply products for the Russian army and navy: artillery sights, stereo tubes, detonator tubes for gun shells.

LOMO has always had special, complex, sometimes almost impossible goals, but the company’s staff successfully coped with any tasks. Thanks to a clear organization and well-coordinated work of employees, the enterprise very quickly becomes the flagship of the Soviet industry. LOMO products are classified as high-tech products. The enterprise is constantly developing civil instrumentation – microscopy, telescope construction, medical endoscopy, production of observation and night vision devices, spectral instrumentation, as well as the production of meteorological equipment.

Today, LOMO’s main products are: microscopes and microvisors for medicine, education, metallurgy, forensics, etc.; flexible endoscopes; observation devices (spotting scopes, telescopes, night vision devices, optical sights); instruments for monitoring weather conditions at airports; eye-safe lasers; special equipment for the Armed Forces.

LOMO has come a long and glorious path, becoming a well-known enterprise not only in our city and country, but also far abroad. LOMO products have always been distinguished by high quality, based on the unique professional ability of the workforce to create the most complex products. LOMO, having vast experience, continues to achieve success, sets new goals and achieves its goals. Now LOMO is a modern optoelectronic company aimed at the future.

The Lytkarino Optical Glass Plant is a major producer of optical glass and precision optical instruments for the military as well as for the civilian market, producing night vision devices and glass laser optics. JSC “Lytkarinsky plant of optical glass” (JSC LZOS – Lytkarinsky zavod opticheskogo stekla) is a large enterprise of the Russian industry, which is part of the Holding JSC “Shvabe” of the State Corporation Rostec. Lytcarino Optical Glass Factory has started its history since 1939 from a small plant of mirror reflectors. As the result of 60-years the factory has reached the world quality of its production, and at present it is acknowleged as a leader in optical material manufacture for different regions of science and technology of the Russian Federation.

JSC LZOS is a leading Russian manufacturer of optical glass and fiberglass, large-sized astronomical mirrors, space lenses, various optical parts and devices. JSC LZOS produces almost 95% of the optical materials needed by hundreds of research institutes, design bureaus and enterprises in Russia that develop and manufacture optical, opto-mechanical and opto-electronic devices and systems.

JSC LZOS has all the technological stages that provide a full cycle of manufacturing optical devices. The plant has testing equipment that ensures all types of tests, including unique ones – in a 70-meter vacuum chamber, the largest in Europe. All optical devices manufactured and produced in Russia are equipped with optical glass optics of JSC LZOS.

One of the important activities of JSC LZOS is the development and production of optical and optoelectronic devices of various types, including industrial and technical purposes and products for the consumer market.

In addition to the manufacture of optical materials, JSC LZOS is the undisputed leader in Russia and in the world in the manufacture of large-sized space and astronomical optics. All space equipment for remote sensing of the earth (ERS) is equipped with large-sized lens objectives and mirrors designed and manufactured by JSC LZOS.

To date, LZOS JSC has not only not lost the previously created scientific, technical and production potential for the manufacture of large-sized optics, but, as a result of targeted actions, including investments of its own funds, has significantly increased scientific and production capabilities in this area, using advanced computer technologies and modern interference control methods.

Over the past 15 years, JSC LZOS has implemented more than 120 Russian and international projects on the production of large-sized astronomical optics at the world technological level. JSC LZOS supplies its products to more than 30 countries of the world.

JSC “Lytkarinsky plant of optical glass” is a unique, diversified enterprise of the optical industry in Russia, JSC LZOS today is also one of the largest enterprises in Europe. Over the 75 years of its existence, the plant has reached the world level of product quality and is currently considered a recognized leader in the production of optical materials for various fields of science and technology in the Russian Federation.

Many years of production experience allowed JSC LZOS to master the production of more than 360 grades of optical colored and colorless glass. The plant supplies its products both to enterprises in Russia and the CIS, and to the countries of Europe, America, Africa and Asia.

In September 1935, the construction of a factory of mirror reflectors began, and in 1939 the first batch of projector mirrors with a diameter of 1.5 m for anti-aircraft defense installations was already produced. The same year is also considered the year of foundation of the plant. By the beginning of the war, the enterprise already had a tangible industrial potential. Buildings were built and put into operation to accommodate a ceramic workshop, a batch glass production workshop, a workshop for the production of blanks of optical glass and mirror reflectors, for processing and manufacturing silver-plated finished mirror reflectors, a mechanical repair and machine tool building, a central factory laboratory, as well as a gas station.

Such products, at that time, in the USSR were produced only by factories in Leningrad and the Ukrainian Izyum, and the market for mirrors for anti-aircraft and ship searchlights was actually monopolized by the German company Carl Zeiss. Both of these factors, one way or another, put the organization in Lytkarino in a special position with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War.

In the very first months of the war, the USSR lost the Izyum and Leningrad plants in the territories occupied by the Germans. The USSR was left without key producers of material for the production of binoculars, periscopes for submarines, sights for anti-aircraft guns and other important optics. When, by the beginning of 1942, the available blanks began to run out, it was decided to restore production at the Mirror Reflector Plant.

In 1942, the production of searchlight reflectors with a diameter of 600-1500 mm and armored glass for IL-2, LA-6 and Yak-1 aircraft, viewing prisms for tanks and other products was launched. The pace of output increased, while the increase in energy capacities and the improvement of living conditions continued. In the subsequent war years, the plant produced defense products in accordance with planned targets.

It should be borne in mind that since November 1941, the functionality of the plant in Lytkarino has been suspended. And so that the equipment did not go to the enemy, in case of its appearance, the premises were mined. After the decree of the Council of People’s Commissars, the enterprise returned to working condition and during 1942 produced 104 projector mirrors, 729 sets of armored glass for aircraft and several thousand prisms for viewing devices. Over the next year – already more than 200 mirror one and a half meter reflectors, 1580 sets of armored glass for IL-2, LA-6, Yak-1 aircraft, more than 67 thousand klingers and 140 thousand prisms for T-34 tanks and T-70.

The culmination of the Victory is in the memoirs of Marshal Zhukov about the final stage of the Berlin offensive operation : “During the 30-minute powerful artillery fire, the enemy did not fire a single shot. Thousands of colorful rockets soared into the air. At this signal, 140 searchlights flashed, located every 200 meters. Each of these 140 spotlights was made in Lytkarino by specialists from the Mirror Reflector Factory.”

In 1946, the organization of the production of optical glass began at the plant. In July 1946, the plant was transferred to the USSR Ministry of Armaments . By a decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, a new specialization of the plant was determined – the production of optical glass based on the use of equipment, technology and experience of the Schott Jena company (Germany), as well as the organization of a new production – complex glazing for pressurized high-altitude aircraft.

At the same time, production capacities for the production of 1200 tons of glass per year were created, which subsequently fully met the needs of the country’s industry in optical materials, and already in 1957 the production of machine tools for glass processing was mastered. The second most important direction in the work of the team was the development of the manufacture of bent and flat triplexes for the latest types of aircraft.

Optical-mechanical production has been organized at the enterprise since 1952. The specialization provided primarily for the manufacture of glass-intensive devices such as viewing prisms for armored vehicles and civilian devices, such as: school microscopes, camera lenses, theater binoculars, light filters. Soon, the plant began to provide enterprises producing armored vehicles with optical surveillance devices at 100%, and nuclear energy enterprises with optical systems for monitoring processes in “hot” cells and boxes, as well as for biological protection of the operator. An evening optical-mechanical technical school is organized at the plant to train its own specialists and improve the qualifications of personnel.

Since 1960, the plant has been developing a technology for creating glass with low thermal expansion, followed by processing and manufacturing mirrors for telescopes and space optics. In particular, in 1974, the plant completed the manufacture of a 6-meter monolithic mirror of the Large Azimuthal Telescope (BTA) for the Zelenchuk Astronomical Observatory. The telescope remained the largest in the world throughout the 70-90s.

In the same year, by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the plant was instructed to organize, together with the GOI, the development of the production of a completely new material – ceramic glass, which has a coefficient of linear expansion equal to zero, in the temperature range from -60 ° C to + 120 ° C with high uniformity.

Since 1964, the plant began to master the production of fiber optics for instrumentation, medical endoscopic devices and image intensifier tubes for night vision devices (NVD). The created complex of production capacities (premises, unique technology, equipment and equipment) made it possible to provide the optoelectronic industry of the country with the necessary fiber elements.

On February 9, 1970 , the Rubin Production Association was established, which included: Lytkarinsky Optical Glass Plant with branches in the city of Feodosia and Belozersk, Izyumsky Instrument-Making Plant “IPZ” with a branch in Kadievka, Nikolsky Optical Glass Plant and Art Products glass “Red Giant”, Kuzinsky Mechanical Plant (Vologda region). LZOS was approved by the head enterprise of the Rubin association.

The period of the 1970s and 1980s is characterized by continued rapid growth in the production of all types of optical glass, fiberglass products, optical and mechanical devices for civil and military purposes. In the 1970s, a wide range of new observation devices for armored vehicles was created in the optical and mechanical production, including TNPO-220 with an aiming branch, with light transmission fiber optics elements for reticle illumination. Since the beginning of the 1970s, civil instrumentation has received a new impetus for development.

In 1972, JSC LZOS was instructed to master the production of large-sized lens objectives (CLL) for space equipment for remote sensing of the Earth (ERS). By this time, the plant had mastered the technology for manufacturing blanks and finished large-sized optical parts, had experience in manufacturing opto-mechanical devices and qualified personnel in various areas.

In 1973, the plant began to produce high-precision large-sized lenses for photographic surveillance and object detection systems (space and aviation based). At present, the plant is the only manufacturer of such products. In the early 1980s, the plant produced a large range of special-purpose products, consumer goods, industrial and technical products.

In 1985, the maximum output of optical glass was reached, which amounted to 3600 tons per year. Optical glass production capacities were built up due to the development and widespread introduction of the most progressive highly mechanized production processes, which ensure high quality of optical glass and increase the “yield”. In 1980-1992, the company mastered the technology of high-precision finishing of optical surfaces using computer methods of local material removal by zones and interference control methods.

In 1992-2003, more than 40 new types of optical-mechanical devices were developed and introduced into production, both for special purposes and for civilian purposes. The existing scientific and technical potential allowed the plant to enter the international market in the mid-90s . In addition, in 1992 , a test tower with a pressure chamber UVK-6/70, 72 meters high, was built and put into operation . In 1996, for the first time in the world, a technology for joining large-sized glass-ceramic parts was created. Given the accumulated significant scientific, technical and production potential, LZOS OJSC created a unique production facility for the manufacture of large-sized optical parts in terms of its technical equipment.

In the period from 1994 to the present, JSC LZOS has manufactured high-precision optical parts with a diameter of 500 mm to 4000 mm as part of more than 80 international projects.

In 2010, an industrial installation “Luch-2.5” was created for automated ion-beam processing of high-precision surfaces of large-sized optical parts with a diameter of up to 2500 mm from various optical materials and media, of different types in terms of the design of the configuration of the outer perimeter and the shape of the working surface, with ensuring the accuracy of the shape of the surface of parts in terms of standard deviation (RMS) up to ? / 60 for space, aviation and ground-based observation vehicles.

In 2013, the manufacture of an industrial installation for applying mirror coatings with protection on the working surfaces of large-sized optical parts with a diameter of up to 4000 mm, providing performance in the range of 130-12000 nm, was completed.

In the early 2000s, LFS5 glass was developed, which was largely devoid of drawbacks, in contrast to the first compositions of laser phosphate glasses. These compositions, developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s by JSC LZOS together with the Institute of Radio Electronics (IRE), were imperfect and had low values of chemical stability and thermal stability. From LFS5 glass, the production of rod active elements of various sizes has been established. Currently JSC LZOS manufactures rod elements made of LFS5 glass with sizes from Ø5×80 mm to Ø60×920 mm.

Over the past decade, a series of compositions has been developed under the code name KNFS. The main goals pursued by these developments are the optimization of a set of parameters, as well as improving the manufacturability of glass. The best of this series, KNFS3, was chosen for the manufacture of large disk elements.

In 2013, a modern site for the production of large-sized ADE blanks (active disk elements) was launched, which was created taking into account all the features of the production of laser glass. The climatic equipment installed at the site provides full control over the temperature, humidity, air purity at the site, which allows year-round production of laser phosphate glass, which includes: batching, melting, casting, annealing, technological polishing and control. The maximum size of the manufactured workpiece is 1000×550×50 mm. The organization of this production has made a significant contribution to the creation of a domestic facility for controlled thermonuclear fusion as an alternative source of energy.

2015 — Renaming into Joint Stock Company “Lytkarinsky Optical Glass Plant”. Over the past 15 years, JSC LZOS has implemented more than 120 Russian and international projects on the production of large-sized astronomical optics at the world technical level. Companies from 46 countries of the world became partners of JSC LZOS.

According to a common version, the village, and then the city, Lytkarino got its name from the Lytka River – so shallow that they crossed it in a drought without getting wet. Actually, “lytka” means – “calf of the leg” or “shin”. The settlement is old, the first of the surviving records about it dates back to 1429. They lived there by arable farming, selling millstones and whetstones for turning scythes and knives; sandstones and white free-flowing sands were mined at five quarries.

According to the 1859 census , Lytkarino was inhabited by 400 people, and this number doubled only after seventy years. But in the following years, the account went already into the thousands. This is connected, not least, with the discovery in the early 1930s of deposits of especially pure white quartz sands in the vicinity of the village, which led to the construction of the Factory of Mirror Reflectors – the future LZOS.https://npzoptics.ru/ Novosibirsk Instrument-Making Plant (Plant imeni V.I.Lenin)

JSC “Novosibirsk Instrument-Making Plant” is one of the largest manufacturers of shooting and observation optics in Russia. The enterprise is included in the holding structure of JSC “Shvabe” as part of the state corporation “Rostec”. State Unitary Enterprise Production Amalgamation “Novosibirsk Instrument Making Plant” is one of the oldest enterprises in Russia. Being one of largest manufacturer of day light and night vision products our enterprise attracts attentions to scientific and research activities and development of new models and their serial production.

The Novosibirsk Instrument-Making Plant was founded in 1905 to manufacture artillery sights for the Imperial Russian Army. It made a significant contribution to equipping the Russian and Soviet armies during the world wars. The disintegration of the USSR brought extremely difficult economic conditions for the factory. Because military production was greatly curtailed, the factory was compelled to compete on the world market of optical devices…. Today Novosibirsk telescopes are well-known around the world and have earned an outstanding reputation.

PN-14K

BAt present JSC “Novosibirsk Instrument-Making Plant” is a universal, diversified association with a powerful scientific and technical potential, specializing in the design and manufacture of high-precision laser, optoelectronic and opto-mechanical devices. The specialists of the enterprise participated in the development and creation of the majority of optical and optoelectronic sights, fire control systems, surveillance and reconnaissance devices, within these areas a lot of theoretical and practical experience has been accumulated, unique technologies and precision technological equipment have been created. In the development of recent years, a promising element base is used – image intensifier tubes of generation 2+ and 3, programmable microprocessors, television and thermal imaging equipment with optical-electronic information processing systems.

Main directions of production: Manufacture of guidance and fire control systems for self-propelled artillery and armored vehicles; Production of observation and driving devices BTT; Production of all-day reconnaissance complexes for mobile reconnaissance points, including thermal imaging and television ones; Production of day, night, combined and thermal imaging sights for all types of small arms, ground artillery and grenade launchers; Manufacture of binocular observation devices with large aperture lenses; Production of laser simulators of firing and destruction; Production of secondary power sources for electro-optical converters; Production of high-precision instrumentation for industrial use; Manufacture of amateur and semi-professional astronomical telescopes. The company has a full production cycle, including testing of all products in its own control and testing center. The main strategic goal of the company is the growth and innovative development of business, maintaining and strengthening the organization’s position in the market, increasing the competitiveness and investment attractiveness of the business through the stable formation and implementation of a highly profitable portfolio of orders, the implementation of scientific, technical, production and human resources, integration and cooperation within the Shvabe JSC holding, development of production capacities, efficient use of resources and minimization of costs.

A great contribution to equipping with optical weapons during the Second World War was made by Special Plant No. 69, evacuated to Novosibirsk from Krasnogorsk, Moscow Region. In incredibly difficult conditions under the bombing of German aircraft in October-November 1941, the plant moved and in the shortest possible time, located in unsuitable premises, with a lack of qualified personnel (many plant workers went to the front and were replaced by women and teenagers), organized production and began to the production of industrial products in a new place.

The war made it necessary to direct all the efforts of the engineering and technical staff to the development and development of products needed by the front. The plant began to provide optics for all cannon artillery and tanks. Observation devices for artillery reconnaissance and artillery fire adjustment were produced (BST stereo tubes (AST), mortar sights (MP-41, MPM-44), tank sights (PT-1, PT-4, PTK-5, TMF, TMFD, TSh), sights for gunsights (PG), sights for fire control devices (ZVV, ZVG) and a whole range of stereo rangefinders for equipping anti-aircraft batteries (DYA, DYA-1, DYA-4, DYA-6, ZD). , but also managed to organize its production in the quantities needed by the army.

In the process of this hard work, subordinated to the call “Everything for the front – everything for victory”, the devices produced were continuously improved (their performance characteristics: accuracy, reduced labor intensity, metal consumption, ease of maintenance). So, when upgrading and replacing the DYa stereo rangefinder with the DYa-1 model, the weight of the kit was reduced from 728 kg to 535 kg, and the accuracy was increased by 4 times.

The plant team led by director A.S. Kotlyar, chief engineer D.F. Skarzhinsky, chief designer S.M. Nikolaev, chief technologist A.A. , chairman of the factory committee Razumovsky I.F., Komsomol organizer Korolev V.A.) showed miracles of labor prowess. Socialist emulation has taken on an unprecedented scale. The movement of the “two hundred” workers, who fulfill two norms a day, developed widely, then the movement of the “twenties” arose, fulfilling the monthly plan by the 20th day of the current month. Already in the middle of 1942, there were about 400 working “twenties” at the plant. The names of innovators and leaders will forever remain in the history of the plant: Sinitsina A.A., Guzikova M.F., Tarakanova I.Ya., Tkacha A.I., Semyonova D.S., Zelentsova G.D., Terentyeva V.V.

During the war years, the plant team won the All-Union Socialist Competition 34 times and was awarded the challenge banner of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, which was transferred to the plant for eternal storage. For selfless work during the war years, 162 employees of the plant were awarded government awards, and the plant was awarded the Order of Lenin by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 9, 1945.

2,525 factory workers went to the front as volunteers. 470 factory workers died heroically. As a tribute to the memory and gratitude to them, who gave their lives for the freedom of their Motherland, on May 8, 1975, the Monument of Glory was erected, on the marble slabs of which the names of the dead instrument makers are forever carved.

In 2015, in honor of the celebration of the 70th anniversary of the Great Victory and on the day of the 40th anniversary of the opening of the Monument of Glory, after its restoration, capsules were laid with earth from the battlefields in which the factory workers died, as well as a message – an appeal to future employees.??? «?????????? ????? ??????-?????????????????? ?????» https://www.romz.ru/ru/ oao «rostovsky zavod optico-mashinostroitelny zavod»

The supreme governing body of the Public Joint Stock Company “Rostov Optical and Mechanical Plant” (hereinafter – PJSC “ROMZ”) is the General Meeting of Shareholders. The Board of Directors of the Company exercises general management of the Company’s activities, with the exception of resolving issues referred by the Federal Law “On Joint Stock Companies” and the Charter of the Company to the competence of the General Meeting of Shareholders. The management of the current activities of PJSC ROMZ is carried out by the sole executive body – the General Director.

The construction began in 1968 of an optical-mechanical plant 2 kilometers from the city of Rostov. E. F. Kuznetsov was appointed the first director of the plant under construction. By decision of the Rostov City Executive Committee, a 13-hectare right-of-way was allocated for the construction of the Moscow-Yaroslavl bypass highway. A land plot is allocated for the construction of a boiler house in the 38th microdistrict. A land plot of 26.5 hectares in the north-eastern district of the city is allocated for the construction of a residential microdistrict for the plant’s employees. The construction of a dormitory along the Savinskoye Highway has began.

By order of the Minister of Defense Industry of the USSR dated January 25, 1971 No. 38, the Rostov Optical and Mechanical Plant was established. The enterprise was designed and created for the production of the latest fire control systems in modern armored vehicles. The plant under construction is subordinate to the Research Technological Institute of Optical Instrumentation (Moscow).

On the basis of the production facilities being put into operation on January 1, the main production activities of the Rostov Mechanical Plant began in 1975. In accordance with the tasks facing the plant, by the Order of the Minister of Defense Industry dated December 19, 1974, the Rostov Mechanical Plant was renamed with the assignment of an open name – Rostov Optical and Mechanical Plant, retaining its existing code name. On January 15, 1975, the Minister of Defense Industry of the USSR S. A. Zverev approved the Charter of the Rostov Optical and Mechanical Plant. On January 16, 1975, order No. 1 was issued for the Rostov Optical and Mechanical Plant “On the tasks of capital construction for 1975”, which was signed by the director of the Rostov Optical and Mechanical Plant Evgeny Fedorovich Kuznetsov.

On the squares on the street. Frunze, 42, the first batch of the plant’s products was produced, including electronic components, electronic harnesses, etc. By order of the director of ROMZ No. 19 dated April 21, 1975, Alexey Ivanovich Arkhipov was appointed head of production. Kuznetsov Valentin Grigoryevich was appointed to the post of Deputy Director of the plant for capital construction by order of the head of the 2nd Main Directorate of the Minister of Defense Industry.

According to the Order of the Minister of Defense Industry, the Rostov Optical and Mechanical Plant was separated from the pilot production of NITIOP. The construction of the production and educational building GPTU-16 for 600 places was completed to train workers for the leading professions of the plant under construction. The Optical and Mechanical Plant was once again temporarily located on these squares.

Number of employees as of 01.01.1976 was 184 people. By order of the Minister of Defense Industry No. 301 dated 09/04/1976, the plant was included in the production association “Krasnogorsk Plant” (Krasnogorsk). Division of the technical department into – design, technology and automation department.

Mastering the functional completed units and blocks of the fire control system of the T-72 tank (head, power supply, activity input unit, range measurement unit, control panels). Development and production of the product “KANP” – a device for monitoring the parameters of night vision devices in laboratory and field conditions.

By 1977 the design department has a maximum number of specialists – 65 people. Conducts design work in the areas of serial support of products mastered in production, modernization of mastered products, such as BID, BVD, BP and the development of new product models, namely: UVBU, blocks of the AP-402 complex.

The years 1977-1978 saw development and production of the pilot batch of the helicopter control system for air-to-ground missiles, Raduga-Sh. Development of units of aerial photography equipment installed on SU-type aircraft, which later received the name AP-402.

The production of high-speed photographic installations (VFU-1) with the speed of light up to 40 thousand frames per second was mastered in 1978. The product is designed to study fast processes. In 1983 the plant started to develop and prepare for the serial production of a qualitatively new high-precision night fire control system (of the Buran type) for modern domestic tanks.

The range of night spotting scopes and their modifications (NZT-4, NZT-8M, NZT-P, NZT-8B) was expanded in 1991. The NP-1 night sight was put into production.

Experimental-pilot production of NITIOP, one of the activities of which was the synthesis of artificial diamonds and the production of tools based on them, was introduced into the ROMZ. Branch No. 2 Itlar of the state farm “Zaozerye” of the Rostov region was accepted into the ROMZ for the further development of the subsidiary farm of the plant.

The production of new night sights (NP-2, NP-3) and second-generation night spotting scopes NZT-10, NZT-11 was launched in 1992, On December 21, 1992, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 721 dated July 1, 1992, the plant was transformed into ROMZ OJSC. According to Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 721 of July 1, 1992, all state-owned enterprises with an average number of employees of more than 1,000 people or with a book value of fixed assets on January 1, 1992 of more than 50 million rubles were subject to mandatory transformation into open joint-stock companies. The privatization of the Rostov optical-mechanical plant began.

The production in 1993 of the NP-6 night sight, NZT-12 night spotting scopes, Timbre country furniture, a whole range of pendant and wall lamps was mastered; The development of a day-night television camera SSD-4M, a digital dosimeter is underway, work is underway to modernize special equipment products. As part of the investment program with the German firms AEG Thyssen, Henschel, FBT and JAR-Kassel Siste, work began on organizing the production of a household coffee machine under the license of AEG. According to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, they began to transfer the housing stock and socio-cultural facilities to municipal ownership.

The 1st organizational meeting of shareholders of the open type company “Rostov Optical and Mechanical Plant” was held on 20 October 1994. Orlov Vladimir Dmitrievich was elected General Director of AOOT. He was also elected Chairman of the Board of Directors at the first meeting of the Board of Directors. The Alena S department store was put into operation in the 1st MKR of the city of Rostov. The production of Cyclops-22 night vision goggles, Sprut-1 optical adapter, NZT-21BN night binoculars, ALP-7 illumination, Izel-2, Izel-G, and Izel-II medical devices has begun. Development of a set of CDs for the Echidna television camera, the Joker television device, the Unicorn No. 7 night sight, the NZT-14 heat direction finder, and the Cyclops-3L mirror-lens lens.

The company’s marketing policy was revised in 1995. ROMZ has moved from retail and small wholesale to large wholesale sales of products, while maintaining an export orientation and business relations with reliable partners. The plant has long-term contracts for the supply of goods to the USA, Canada, Great Britain, Germany and France.

Preparations began in 1998 for the introduction of a quality system in production according to international standards of the ISO 9001 series. An international DQS certificate was received in 2000, certifying that the company has implemented and uses a quality management system and a certificate from the State Unitary Enterprise Tekhnoleasing of TsNIIEISU. As a result of the audit, DQS experts confirmed the compliance of the quality system with the international standards ISO 9001.

The plant revived the tradition of labor competition among workshops and employees in 2000. Every year at the end of August, at the celebration of the Day of the Plant, the results of the work are summed up and the winners of the production competition are determined, the best in the profession are named. According to the tradition established at ROMZ, veterans and winners of industrial competitions and competitions plant young trees in the Jubilee Alley in a solemn atmosphere.

After signing the main contracts for the supply of products with FSUE “Uralvagonzavod” and the Arzamas machine-building plant in 2008, intensive work began at the enterprise. A horizontal milling machining center by Quaser is installed on the progressive equipment section. On Factory Day, the first part was received from the new machine.

In 2012, as part of the technical re-equipment of the enterprise and the introduction of promising technologies, a section of advanced equipment in the machining industry was completed. Quaser and Takisawa machining centers have been installed and are producing products. The use of a progressive tool made it possible to increase labor productivity by more than three times.krasnogorsky zavod im. s.a. zvereva https://zenit-kmz.com/

PJSC “Krasnogorsk plant named after. S.A. Zvereva (PJSC KMZ) is one of the leading enterprises in Russia in the field of optical and optoelectronic instrumentation, which has been providing development, testing and mass production of devices and systems for various fields of application for almost a century. It is part of Shvabe JSC of the Rostec State Corporation, which unites key enterprises of the optoelectronic industry in Russia.

Krasnogorsk plant them. S. A. Zvereva occupies an area of ??over 100 hectares. In 2022, the company employs almost three thousand people, a third of which are young people. The same number of specialists who have devoted their lives to the enterprise. It produces optical instruments for civil and strategic purposes, as well as medical equipment.Equipment for remote sensing of the Earth from spaceOptical ground-based means of external trajectory measurementsSurveillance and sighting systems for aviationAiming complexes and fire control systems for armored vehiclesAiming systems for operational-tactical missile systemsAiming equipment for small armsRadiation, chemical and biological protection devicesPhoto equipmentMedical equipment

The Krasnogorsk plant made its contribution to the development of cosmonautics. Lenses and optical systems have been able to provide space research with high-quality images and data, enabling astronauts and scientists around the world to study the Universe and push the boundaries of knowledge. KMZ products have proven their reliability on Earth and in space.

In 1957, the AFA-39 apparatus, mounted on the R-2A launch vehicle, made the first survey of the earth’s surface from space. The pictures were taken from different heights, including from a distance of more than 200 km. The resulting photographs were striking in the detail of the shooting. From the memoirs of design engineer Galina Barashkova:

“When the AFA-39 apparatus cooled down, we removed it from the rocket. After dismantling, we were taken by helicopter to the photo laboratory of the engineering building of the landfill. When they showed the film, they saw on it … a lake along which a boat with a fisherman was sailing. Even the rod held by the fisherman was clearly visible. And a clear horizon line at the top of the picture.” This event was an important milestone in space exploration. It proved the possibility of obtaining high-quality images when shooting from space.

The world’s first picture of the far side of the Moon was obtained on October 7, 1959 with an AFA-E1 camera. The AFA-E1 design was created at SKB-1 under the guidance of scientist and designer Vasily Beshenov. The development team was headed by Galina Barashkova. AFA-E1 was part of the onboard equipment “Yenisei” for the interplanetary automatic station “Luna-3”. The conditions for shooting the invisible side of the moon were unknown at that time, but the plant’s specialists coped with the task. Vladimir Shpachinsky, Leading Engineer of the Scientific and Technical Center, spoke about the development process:

“To say that the success was preceded by a great and difficult work of the plant staff is to say nothing. It was a search for unknown paths. It was necessary to protect the film from radiation, to make the equipment and the porthole of the instrument container resistant to the effects of outer space conditions, about which not much was known at that time. A group of special studies of two people was created: I, the head of the group, and Viktor Toporov. Slept right here, right on the tables. Short time to rest, and again they took up the experiments. We could not break the deadlines, because we understood that this would lead to the disruption of the space launch deadlines, and hence the entire flight program as a whole. And we survived. Those who developed the apparatus and carried out experimental work, those who provided them, also survived. The entire staff of the plant survived.”

The film was developed automatically right on board the station, after which the resulting photographs were scanned and transmitted via radio signals to Earth. This project was supervised by Sergei Korolev himself. The resulting images made it possible to build a map of the far side of the Moon, as well as to obtain information about the main details of its relief.

Vasily Beshenov recalled cooperation with Korolev: “The meeting was scheduled for 6 pm. Sergei Pavlovich, as always, sat at the end of a large long table and carried on a conversation, not related to the agenda, with the comrades sitting next to him. I noticed that 5 minutes passed, 10, 15, 18 minutes – the meeting did not start. Mstislav Keldysh entered the hall with a briefcase in his hands and said to everyone: “Hello! I’m sorry, I was detained by the government.” In this case, Sergei Pavlovich said nothing to Keldysh, who sat down in a vacant chair, obviously prepared for him, and opened the meeting. This is how he loved and respected Mstislav Vsevolodovich, and he somehow cherished other scientists. Such was the discipline of the meetings. Sergei Pavlovich always respected all those present at the meetings.

German Titov is not only the first person to make a long-term space flight and the youngest person in history to make an orbital space flight. He became the first space cameraman and photographer. German Stepanovich during a daily flight on the ship “Vostok-2” shot 300 meters of film on the camera “Konvas-automatic” manufactured by the Krasnogorsk plant named after. S.A. Zverev. The device immediately won the sympathy of cameramen and began to be widely used in film studios for feature, documentary and popular science films. KSR-1M at KMZ was produced in parallel with 1KSR or KSR-1. The model was inexpensive. “Konvas” models were used for feature films, as well as for field and stunt filming. For example, in the film “White Sun of the Desert”. KMZ also produced an export version of the KSR-1M – KSR-1m export option. There are ribs on the obturator tide, the engine has a different design, all the inscriptions are duplicated in English, a shoulder rest was included in the kit.

The docking of the Soyuz-19 and Apollo spacecraft took place on July 17, 1975, going down in history as a significant event for astronautics. Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov recorded this significant moment with a K3A camera specially designed and manufactured at the Krasnogorsk plant. Due to the increased oxygen content, up to 40%, on the ship, for the first time in domestic practice, the full scope of work to ensure fire safety is implemented. In order to prevent sparking of the camera’s electric drive collector, a special magnetic coupling was developed that transmitted torque from the replaceable electric drive to the tape drive mechanism through the wall of the camera’s hermetic case. In honor of the holiday, the Krasnogorsk plant named after. S.A. Zvereva offers to touch the history and purchase the legendary Zenit brand photo equipment with a space discount of 12%. The discount is valid for all products from April 11 to April 13 on the website and in the branded exhibition and trade center “Zenith” in GUM.

The Central Design Bureau, a modern scientific and technical center (NTC), was created at the Krasnogorsk plant named after. S.A. Zverev by order of the Minister of Armaments of the USSR No. 250 in 1948. The main tasks of the STC at that time were the development and manufacture of prototypes of aerial photographic equipment, artillery and tank sights, and infrared equipment. The Central Design Bureau has gone from the development of simple opto-mechanical devices to the creation of complex, science-intensive, high-tech opto-electronic complexes for the space industry.

The origins of the creation of the Central Design Bureau were outstanding designers who ensured the formation of the scientific division and laid the foundation for the creation of all future areas of the enterprise, as well as the production of products. Many products became the first in world science and brought to the Krasnogorsk Mechanical Plant. S.A. Zverev is widely known. Several generations of experienced engineers and designers worked on products that glorified the Krasnogorsk enterprise, among them the first electron microscope, the AFA-39 camera, which was the first in the world to survey the Earth’s surface from a height of 200 km; photographic equipment AFA-E1, with the help of which the first survey of the far side of the Moon was carried out; as well as well-known Zenit cameras.

On October 1, 2022, the leader in optical production of PJSC Krasnogorsk Plant named after. S.A. Zvereva celebrates its anniversary. Exactly 95 years ago, a plant was founded in Krasnogorsk, which today is part of the Shvabe Holding of the Rostec State Corporation.

“KMZ today is a high-tech research and production complex that has approached its anniversary date with a full load of the production line, with projects that have no analogues in the Russian Federation. The close-knit team of KMZ is able to solve any problems. The company worthily celebrates its almost centenary anniversary. We updated equipment, revived the trade union movement, opened the first flagship store in Moscow’s main department store, and held an all-Russian photo contest. The plant, first of all, is people. Not the equipment, but the people who create the product. I congratulate everyone on the 95th anniversary. I am sure that this date will serve as the foundation for further victories,” the general director of the Krasnogorsk plant named after A.I. S.A. Zvereva Alexander Novikov.

In connection with the significant date, the Head of the city district of Krasnogorsk, Dmitry Volkov, noted the best employees of the plant and labor veterans with letters of thanks from the governor of the Moscow region, letters of honor and letters of thanks from the city district of Krasnogorsk.

On 01 October 1927 the Moscow Optical Plant moved into the empty buildings of the weaving and dyeing factories. Then it was renamed into Precision Mechanics Plant No. 19. First products: spectacle lenses, a small medical kit, loupes for checking the quality of tissues. the 1930s-1940s saw the start of large-scale construction of a new powerful optical industry plant for the production of precision optical and mechanical devices.

In April 1939, the plant was named after V.I. Lenin. In the early 1940s, the enterprise experienced evacuation and revival, on the basis of the branch of Plant No. 69 named after V.I. Lenin, the State Union Plant No. 393 of the NKV USSR was created, later renamed the Krasnogorsk Mechanical Plant.

In 1946, KMZ registered a trademark in the form of a Dove prism contour, which refracts a beam of light. The first domestic medium-format rangefinder amateur camera “Moscow-1” was released. In 1948, the Central Design Bureau (now the NTC) was established. By May 1, 1948, the first 50 units of the Zorkiy small-format camera were produced, which became one of the symbols of Krasnogorsk.

In the 1950s a small-format SLR amateur camera “Zenith” was launched into production; it became the ancestor of a whole generation of SLR cameras. In 1955, the millionth camera rolled off the assembly line.

In 1959, with the help of the AFA-E1 photographic equipment, the first survey of the far side of the Moon was carried out. The Grand Prix at the World Exhibition in Brussels was awarded to a set of KMZ photographic lenses, and the EM-5 electron microscope, FP-22 high-speed film camera and S-180 aurora research camera were awarded a gold medal.

On April 12, 1961, the launch of the Vostok-1 spacecraft with Yuri Gagarin on board was filmed on a KT-50 cinema theodolite with a large-sized mirror lens. In his 25-hour space flight, Soviet cosmonaut German Titov made the first hand-held photo and video of the Earth from space on the filming apparatus “Konvas-automatic”. Also, a number of products of national importance were produced at KMZ: a high-precision astronomical installation (HAU) for photographing artificial Earth satellites, a large-sized high-resolution Mezon-2A lens for photographing the earth’s surface from an artificial Earth satellite, and lenses for the all-Union television center Ostankino. They laid the foundation for the creation of optical quantum generators (lasers), made the transition to the production of cameras that allow the use of interchangeable optics.

They released the first automatic cameras “Zorkiy-10”, which received the gold medal of the Leipzig Fair, “Zorkiy-11” and “Zorkiy-12”. Serial production of the Zenit-E and Fotosniper cameras, the Quartz and Krasnogorsk movie cameras, and the Horizontal panoramic camera has started. For merits in the creation and production of new equipment and the successful implementation of the five-year plan in 1966, the plant was awarded the Order of Lenin. For high-precision measurements, the specialists of the Mausoleum, responsible for the safety of the body of V.I. Lenin, the employees of the plant created stereophotogrammetric installations SFU-1 and SFU-2.

In the 1970s a number of large specialized design bureaus, workshops, departments, laboratories and services were created, and the first YUSKB optical measuring complex was put into operation for alignment, adjustment and optotechnical control of large-sized mirrors and beam-splitting plates. Created a special camera “Zenit-VE” for photographing the internal organs of a person through endoscopic devices. Together with a number of research institutes, they developed the first in the USSR mobile infrared theodolite-radiometer “Sobol” to determine the coordinates of a flying object by its infrared radiation.

The Krasnogorsk Mechanical Plant became the leading design organization in the country for tank fire control systems. Registered a new trademark KMZ. The plant was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor for merits in the creation and development of the production of special equipment.

The 1980s saw conversion of defense industry production – production of civilian products. They launched the production of the first SLR camera in the USSR with two shooting modes: manual and automatic – Zenit-18. KMZ completed work on the creation of a technological sample of the Okno optoelectronic space control complex. For the development of production and international cooperation, the plant was awarded the international award “Golden Mercury”.

In the 1990s KMZ was reorganized into open joint-stock company Krasnogorsk Plant. The enterprise received the first experience of the Central Design Bureau’s independent entry into the foreign market as part of the R & D for the development of a space product. A wide range of civilian products was created: a range of night vision observation devices, medical devices, a line of television observation devices based on CCD matrices, scientific and other equipment. The Central Design Bureau was renamed the Scientific and Technical Center (NTC).

In the 2000-2010s KMZ carried out large-scale projects on remote sensing of the Earth – as part of the Resurs-DK spacecraft, we put into operation Geoton high-resolution optoelectronic equipment to study the Earth’s natural resources and prevent environmental disasters. In 2004, work on the Okno complex was completed and it was put on combat duty.

The range of medical products being developed and manufactured has increased, and a decision was made to create medical complexes for highly specialized medical specialists. The enterprise was given the status of the Federal Research and Production Center. KMZ became part of the holding JSC “Optical Systems and Technologies” (JSC “Shvabe”) of the State Corporation “Rostec”.

In April 2017, a new museum was opened at PJSC Krasnogorsk Plant named after. S.A. Zverev”, which was visited in 2019 by the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation D.A. Medvedev. In 2018, in collaboration between the brands Zenit and Leica, they released a new digital rangefinder camera Zenit M with a unique new-generation lens manufactured by PJSC KMZ Zenitar 35 mm f/1.0. We started serial production of a domestic thermal imaging camera for aiming systems for armored vehicles as part of the import substitution program.

At the end of 2019, the ALKhK-01-Zenith laser surgical complex entered the top 5 medical innovations of the Rostec Group of Companies. In 2020 serial production of the TPK-K thermal imaging channel is underway. An infrared temperature measurement system IR236 has been developed and put into production. A presentation of new photographic equipment was held at the Photoforum exhibition – Zenitar 1.5 / 50 lenses for portrait photography, Zenitar 2/35 lenses for obtaining images with natural color reproduction and high frame detail in low light conditions, Selena 1.9 / 58″ with controlled bokeh and “Zenitar 2.8 / 60 Macro EA” for shooting objects at high magnification.

Work continued in the field of creating solutions for visual stereoscopic observation, research and diagnosis of diseases in the process of gynecological and oncogynecological examinations.

For schoolchildren and students, in addition to excursions in the museum, there are excursions to the production workshops of the plant, which has a positive impact on the further choice of a place of employment by young specialists. Within the framework of the campaign “I am a citizen of Russia”, young Krasnogorsk citizens are solemnly presented with the first and main document in life – a passport. Meetings are held here with veterans, honored and interesting people of the plant and the city. These events bring together different generations and teach them to be patriots of their city and country.uralsky optico-mechanical zavod

The Joint-Stock Company «Production Association «Ural Optical and Mechanical Plant» named after E.S. Yalamov» (Ekaterinburg city) is one of the key organizations of «Shvabe» Holding being a member of «Rostekh» State Corporation.

Today, JSC «PA «UOMP» is a dynamically developing enterprise of optical engineering, modern science intensive production having wide possibilities for creation of high technological products from development to sales and after-sales support. The developed service-sales network includes 7 affiliates in Russia and 3 affiliates abroad – in Switzerland, China and Belarus.

UOMP has its own design bureau with affiliates in large scientific centers of Russia – Moscow, St-Petersburg, Novosibirsk and Riazan. The staff of researchers and designers is more than 400 persons, including 3 doctors and 23 candidates of science. The enterprise carries out innovative activity for creation of the new and modernization of the wide line of special and civil purpose products.

The plant is awarded with prizes and gratitudes for the achievement of high results and contribution in development of optical industry of the country. In 2004, 2010 and 2018 years the Ural Optical and Mechanical Plant was awarded with a Prize of the government of the Russian Federation in the field of quality.

Successfully realizing the state diversification policy of the Defense-and-Industry Complex, UOMP annually increases the part of civil purpose products, including medical equipment, light equipment, devices for geodesy and optical measurements, security systems. Our target guidelines – achievement of the part of civil products in the revenue up to 50% by 2025 year.

JSC «PA «UOMP» develops and manufactures a wide range of medical equipment, including neonatal equipment for care and treatment of neonates weighing from 500 grams and also resuscitation equipment and devices for respiratory support of patients.

The line of lamp signaling and light equipment includes traffic lights with various options (time reading indicator, pointer, signal for hearing-impaired persons and others), light diode traffic lights and street indicators, street, domestic and office lamps, lamps for housing and communal services and architectural lighting.

The geodetic products of UOMP alongside with optical-electronic instruments include the newest satellite equipment that allows to carry out high accuracy geodesic survey without binding to the line of sight. The new promising direction – security systems: interactive information terminals, distance meter for rolling stocks, position sensors, systems of video monitoring and access control and others.

UOMP has successful examples of products localization via cooperation with foreign companies: SLE Limited (Great Britain), Mediana Co Ltd. (South Korea).

12 medical products of UOMP have certificates of European quality CE under Directive of European Union 93/42/???. The products of the enterprise are in demand on domestic and international markets. In 2020 the medical equipment was supplied for the first time to the hospitals of Oman, Ghana, Surinam and Slovenia, and also there were started regulars supplies of satellite geodetic equipment to the market of Kirghizia. The geography of supplies covers 39 countries of the world, including Singapore, Malaysia, Iraq, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Poland, Israel, Pakistan, the Philippines, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Palestine, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kirghizia, Belarus, Moldova and others.

All over the world on the basis of exclusive distributors there is created a reliable network of service maintenance of medical products and education of specialists how to operate with them.

JSC «PA «UOMP» participates in realization of 9 national projects: «Zdravookhranenie», «Safe and quality motorroads», «Digital economic», «Accommodation and urban environment», «International cooperation and export», «Labor productivity and employment support», «Science», «Education», «Demography».

Medical equipment of JSC «PA «UOMP» is installed practically in every medical and obstetric institution of the Russian Federation and also in the clinics of Europe and South-East Asia. In the frames of complex equipping of perinatal centers in 2016-2018 years the plant supplied more than 9 thousands units of equipment for care of neonates.

In 2020 in order to struggle against Covid-19 more than 40 000 units of respiratory equipment, including anesthetic respiratory machines with lungs artificial ventilation function, respiratory gas humidifiers UDS-Tevlar for ventilators, oxygen preparation units were supplied to medical institutions.

The enterprise successfully implements the projects of complex fitting the objects of road-and-traffic network, urban environment and various types of rooms with lighting and lamp signaling equipment.

In the frames of the program «Light city Nizhniy Tagil» the enterprise implements the contract of life cycle of Nizhniy Tagil city (2015-2042 years) under complex of works for projecting, construction and technical maintenance of the urban external lighting system.

In the frames of the program «Intelligent Moscow city» realization there were supplied more than 7 000 light diode lamps and traffic lights.

One of the affiliates of JSC «PA «UOMP» implements the five years contract (2018-2023 years) for servicing of intellectual transport system of Moscow as to provide trouble free functioning of intellectual transport system.

The history of JSC “PA “UOMP” starts from the company for the sale of optical devices, founded in 1837 in Moscow by the merchant of the 3rd guild, Fedor Shvabe. Shvabe was at the origin of the creation of the national optical industry. By the late 1950s, its specialists made almost all the optical devices that were known at the time: magnifiers and telescopes, binoculars, microscopes, pinhole cameras, photographic cameras and much more.

In the 1890s, Shvabe became an active participant in the international instrument market. At that time, the enterprise’s asset had about 100 patents for the original development of devices and instruments, more than 100 prestigious awards from various international exhibitions.

In 1912, Shvabe became a joint stock company, and in 1916 “Shvabe” JSC was renamed into JSC “Geofizika”. After the October Revolution of 1917, JSC “Geofizika” was nationalized. As before, the enterprise specialized in the production of optical instruments: aircraft sextants, planimeters, pantographs, theodolites, levels, tachymeters, microscopes.

In 1937, “Geofizika” was renamed into the plant number 217. At that time, it was the only company that could fulfill any order for the production of optical profile products. On 7 October 1941, the USSR State defense Committee decided to evacuate the plant No. 217 in Sverdlovsk. In 28 days, materials, semi-finished products, tools, equipment, an enterprise laboratory, technical documentation and a library of the Shvabe company were completely removed. More than 10 thousand factory workers moved to the Urals.

During the Great Patriotic War, the plant produced and delivered tens of thousands of optical instruments to the front: aerial sights, artillery shells, theodolites and surveying systems. After the war, the enterprise maintained strong positions in the country’s economy. In the 1960s, the plant took an active part in space exploration programs, developing optical instruments for spacecrafts.

In 1966, plant No. 217 was renamed in the Ural Optical and Mechanical Plant (UOMZ), which became one of the pioneers of laser technology. In the 1970s, the company produced the first “Fon” laser range finders in the country, and in 1977, aviation stations for laser ranging and target designation were launched into batch production.

In the late 1970s, the factory launched the production of optical-electronic target stations, developed the star trackers systems and started designing gyrostabilized optoelectronic systems. In 1988, the plant was transformed into a production association “Ural Optical-Mechanical Plant”.

With the collapse of the USSR, UOMZ reoriented to produce a variety of non-defense products. Like the ancestor – “Shvabe”, in the first place, drew attention to the production of medical equipment.

In May 2010, UOMZ changed its organizational and legal form, becoming an open joint-stock company. At present, the Ural Optical and Mechanical Plant is one of the largest enterprises in Shvabe Group.

In accordance with the Federal Law “On Licensing Certain Types of Activities” dated May 4, 2011 No. 99-FZ and on the basis of the Regulation “On Licensing Activities to Identify Electronic Devices Designed to Secretly Obtain Information” (approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 16, 2012 No. 314), JSC “PA “UOMZ” received a license to carry out activities to identify electronic devices for secretly obtaining information. This activity refers to a special check of technical means (special check, SP) that incorporates an electronic component base of foreign production and is aimed at identifying the presence of electronic devices designed to covertly receive (intercept) information, both processed in technical means and / or circulating in the premises.http://goi.ru/

Research and Production S.I. Vavilov

JSC “Research and Production S.I. Vavilov” is a diversified institute engaged in the development, esting and production of pilot series of optical colorless and colored glasses, laser glasses, optical, laser and nonlinear single crystals and optical ceramics, glass-ceramics, refractory ceramics, optical fibers and products based on them.

The Institute has developed and implemented manufacturing technologies for most of the inorganic optical materials used in Russian industry. The materials developed in the Institute are used in optical instrumentation, laser technology, detection technique and dosimetry of ionizing radiation, medical and technical endoscopy. The customers of the Institute are the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation, optical-mechanical plants, and research institutes. Products were exported to the USA, France, Czech Republic, Austria, China and other countries.

A scientific school of optical materials science has been created at the Institute, which makes it possible to maintain the range and quality of modern domestic materials at the world level. All products comply with international norms and standards.

The history of S.I. Vavilov State Optical Institute (SOI) dates back to December 1918. In the shortest possible time, a group of SOI scientists under the leadership of Academician D.S. Rozhdestvensky developed the physicochemical approaches of the complex process of optical glassmaking. This allowed the USSR to become independent of purchases of optical glass from abroad from the beginning of 1927.

In SOI, research and development of compositions and technology for glass production was carried out under the leadership of Academician I.V. Grebenshchikov. After his death in 1953, the department was headed by Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences A.I. Stozharov, and since 1966 – the future Academician G.T. Petrovsky.

In 1969, due to the increase in the volume of work and the number of employees, the materials science laboratories of the institute were transformed into the 1st branch of the SOI, the director of which was G.T. Petrovsky.

The glass scientists of SOI have developed domestic catalogs of optical (more than 70 brands) and radiation-resistant (more than 60 brands) glasses, which make it possible to develop diagrams of complex optical lenses that form and transmit an image without chromatic and other aberrations. Since the 1960s-70s, the research topics of scientists and technologists of the institute have been supplemented by a development of optical crystals. A special building was built to accommodate laboratories and manufacturing facilities for the production of ruby single crystals, fluoride crystals, yttrium aluminum garnet, leucosapphire, laser and scintillating crystals.

In the 70s, the institute launched research and development studies in the field of fiber optics. Such outstanding scientists as doctors of technical sciences V.B. Veinberg, D.K. Sattarov, professor Yu.N. Kondratyev, candidates of technical sciences V.Kh. Yagmurov and G.Ya. Kanaeva stood at their origins. Fibers for optical communication, radiation-resistant fibers, fibers for transformation of laser radiation, photonic-crystal fiber materials – this is the list of materials whose properties are currently being optimized by researches and technologists of the “Fiber” scientific department.

When SOI became a part of the State Corporation “Rostec”, it got the opportunity to renovate the instruments and technical equipment. Scientists of the institute continue research studies, publish articles in scientific journals, participate in national and international conferences, deliver lectures in universities of St. Petersburg. Among them, there are members of dissertation committees.

Manufacturing of optical fibers and fiber-optic products is a complex technological process which is ensured by the accurate maintenance of well-developed parameters of production regimes. High-quality equipment, long-term experience and great scientific researchers’ potential contribute to attaining fiber-optic products with characteristics relevant to international standards. The key mission of the Scientific and Production Department “Fiber” is the development and manufacturing of silica optical fibers and products for civil and military applications.

Among the latest developments of the Institute in the area of crystals is the technology of creating the most efficient crystal for laser technology. Its uniqueness lies in the conversion of laser radiation in the wavelength range of 1.3-1.5 microns. Since 2018, the innovative method has been used in the production of devices for rangefinder, targeting, surgery and processing of various materials. Exploratory research is underway on effective ultrafast scintillation optical ceramics based on zinc oxide doped with gallium (ZnO:Ga) and indium (ZnO:In).

JSC “Bars” was founded as a Research and Production Joint Stock Company under the foundation of the All-Russian Scientific Center “State Optical Institute named after S.I. Vavilov” in July 1991. The main task assigned to BARS JSC was the development and production of consumer goods, such as optical and collimator sights, night vision devices, etc.

JSC “BARS” over the years has been a developer and manufacturer of a wide range of sports and hunting sights with a luminous mark (collimator sights), such devices as a laser pointer, a night vision monocular on image intensifier tubes of the 1st, 2nd and 2+ generations, night binoculars, night vision goggles, infrared illuminator, tactical flashlight (underbarrel flashlight).

Combining modern technologies, production capabilities and highly qualified developers, Bars JSC strives to create fundamentally new devices that meet the highest quality standards and the latest achievements in the field of opto-mechanical instrumentation. Bars JSC has been and remains one of the leaders in the creation and development of fundamentally new optoelectronic and optical devices.

Interstate Financial-Industrial Groups
Defense Electronics Industry	Ministry of Radio Industry (Minradioprom)Russian Control Systems Agency Radars Radio-Electronic Combat
Ministry of Radio Industry	Russian Control Systems Agency
	Oboronprom
	PJSC AFK Sistema
NII-20, NIEMI	Antey Concern Industrial Corporation JSC
	Defense Systems IFIG
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	S.A.Zverev Krasnogorsky Zavod
	Ural Optical and Mechanical Plant	Yekaterinburg
	Zagorsk Optic Machine Plant JSC	Sergiev Posad

The best-equipped battalions are made up of volunteers. Usually people who go to such units buy the necessary equipment themselves. Whatever is missing is provided by volunteers. The Ministry of Defense provided only weapons. Troops bought the rest themselves, and people helped. The troops had a huge shortage of night vision devices and thermal imagers.

Infantry weapons and equipment were developed taking into account the need to equip a mass mobilized army, to replenish losses during the war. This trend had been developing for decades and developed an appropriate environment (design schools, requirements of ordering departments, etc). And when these conditions changed dramatically (literally in a decade and a half), neither customers, nor design and production teams were ready for the new realities. The collapse of the defense industry also added to the negative. The Ministry of Defense itself had not decided what the infantry as a whole and individual infantry specialties need in modern conditions.

The problem is also that the elements of equipment and weapons do not fit together well. Different ordering management, different creators. A clear single end-to-end concept for the integrated complex has not yet been developed. “Barmitsa” is not a very successful attempt to harmonize common requirements, much has been omitted there. In practice, you have to “glue” together the elements of the complex on the knee, it often comes out crooked, inconvenient and inoperable in real operating conditions. In addition, some of the most important elements of the tactical infantry kit have not yet been developed and are missing as a class.

Night vision devices [PNV pritsely nochnogo videniya] give a picture due to the fact that they take away artificial and natural light, and then process it. It can be light from searchlights, lanterns, from stars and the moon. Any night vision device by itself works only in the presence of any kind of lighting, and does not work in complete darkness. To obtain an image, illumination at a level of 4-7% is sufficient. As a result, the fighter sees a semblance of the silhouette of the observed object.

Night vision devices (NVD) are special devices that amplify the available light in low light conditions or in complete darkness amplify infrared (IR) illumination from IR lamps. The picture of image from a night vision device is visible at night in low light conditions. Since these devices amplify the light, we see very bright spots from the lanterns in the background. Night vision is used in a variety of applications, from conventional CCTV cameras to night vision scopes.. The cost of devices lies in the range from 5,000 to 500,000 rubles.

Thermal imagers are more efficient, since their electron-optical filling allows obtaining a temperature-contrast image at zero visibility. Another important advantage of a thermal imager over night vision devices is the ability to identify the observed object. The principle of operation of the thermal imager is based on the fact that thermal radiation from the observed objects is projected through the lens onto the matrix (sensor). The signal received from the matrix in the electronic unit is converted into a video signal and transmitted to the display. Naturally, a thermal imager is more expensive than night vision devices.

The main advantage of night vision devices over a thermal imager is its price. If the command is faced with the task of equipping as many servicemen as possible with surveillance equipment in the dark, then it is faster and cheaper to do this with the help of night vision devices. This is the path the RF Armed Forces are now taking. That is, combined-arms units will be equipped with night vision devices, and elite formations with more efficient and expensive thermal imagers. Night vision devices will not lose their relevance for a long time. And it’s not just a relatively low cost: optical devices, converters, the electronic component base (ECB) necessary for production are constantly being improved.

The service life of the 2nd and 2+ generation image intensifier tubes is about 1000 to 3000 hours, which is three times more than that of the 1st generation image intensifier tubes. The cost of night vision devices with image intensifier tubes of generations 2, 2+ is 5-10 times higher than the cost of devices with image intensifier tubes of the 1st generation, and is rarely less than 2000 US dollars.

Night vision devices have become the most popular optical product in the special operation zone. Alexey Karataev, executive director of the Komandarm research and production association, spoke about this in an interview with RT. According to him, night vision devices provide visibility at a distance of up to 2.5-3 km. In addition, they are compact and easy to use in combat conditions, they act as an alternative to expensive thermal imagers. At the same time, according to Karataev, traditional optical instruments, such as binoculars and spotting scopes, are still needed in the modern theater of operations.

Demand for optics is huge now. It is beneficial for manufacturers and suppliers in the NWO zone to raise prices, taking advantage of the shortage in the market. However, we do not pursue such a policy and offer products at very modest prices. On average, the cost of optical instruments of our NPO is 15-30 thousand rubles, analogues are much more expensive. In terms of quality, it is largely determined by the lenses used in the devices. There is a conditional rating of four categories of lens quality. The best is the first category, respectively, the worst is the fourth.

NVD is a very popular product. They help the infantryman to detect manpower and equipment at night and at dusk, as well as to assess the situation in the observation zone in general. In addition, modern technologies make it possible to make night vision devices affordable. Previously, NVDs were mainly equipped with special and reconnaissance units, but the realities of the modern theater of operations (theater of operations) are such that intense hostilities in the dark are already commonplace. For this reason, night vision devices should be in every fighter on the front line.

Modern night vision devices and electronic-optical devices have many unconditional advantages. They are distinguished by their simplicity, modest weight and size characteristics, convenience and good zoom, including those with a sevenfold increase during the day. Nevertheless, binoculars retained their importance as a means of observing and correcting fire, especially from heights on the ground. You just need to understand the purpose of the binoculars. It is actually a continuation of the eyes and gives a very clear picture within the line of sight – as a rule, a distance of up to one or several kilometers and an increase of up to 7-20 times.

Dmitry Ustinov, of Moscow, Russia, pled guilty in federal court for the District of Delaware July 10, 2014 to conspiring to export high-tech military technology, including night vision devices and thermal imaging scopes, outside the United States, in violation of Title 18, United States Code, Section 371. The military technology listed in the conspiracy offense was designated on the United States Munition List as defense articles and was prohibited from export outside the United States pursuant to the Arms Export Control Act and the International Traffic in Arms Regulations.

Between July 2010 and April 2013, Ustinov worked with a supplier based in Virginia to purchase and export night vision equipment from the United States to Russia without obtaining any export licenses from the U.S. Department of State. Ustinov further arranged for international wire transfers to occur so that money could be provided to the supplier’s bank account as payment for this equipment. The conspiracy offense alleged that various types of high-tech night vision devices were part of the scheme, including an L3 Insight Mini Thermal Monocular, Night Optics D-740 Night Vision Scopes, and Forward Looking Infrared Tau 640 Thermal Imaging Cameras, among other targeting devices.

Modern PNVs have received a very characteristic distribution. Thus, during the hostilities in Iraq and Afghanistan, the USA tried to fight in the dark. In major battles and in separate special forces raids, the Americans actively used the presence of a large number of self-propelled guns and a small number of the enemy. In the 21st century, the American army turned out to be the most equipped in the world with modern electronics and widely used this advantage, literally fighting with a blind enemy. The capabilities of an ordinary American infantryman reach a completely different level. War is becoming a lot like video games. Moreover, the difference in capabilities between an American soldier and a less technological enemy is comparable to the difference between a real player and low-level computer bots that are doomed to death.

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The Russian troops in Ukraine in 2022 experienced a shortage of night vision devices and thermal imagers. They cannot provide their equipment with them. High-quality optical equipment is expensive, so the Russians were experiencing difficulties in providing combat units with night vision devices and thermal imagers. In response to the long-standing shortage of night vision devices in the army, some deploying troops purchased hunting thermal imagers as a temporary measure.

Omsk (/ˈɒmsk/; Russian: Омск, IPA: [omsk]) is the administrative center and largest city of Omsk Oblast, Russia. It is situated in southwestern Siberia and has a population of over one million. Omsk is the third largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk and Krasnoyarsk, and the twelfth-largest city in Russia.^[12] It is an important transport node, serving as a train station for the Trans-Siberian Railway and as a staging post for the Irtysh River.

During the Imperial era, Omsk was the seat of the Governor General of Western Siberia and, later, of the Governor General of the Steppes. For a brief period during the Russian Civil War in 1918–1920, it served as the capital of the anti-Bolshevik Russian State and held the imperial gold reserves.

This D.F. (“Doppelfernrohr” – “binoculars”) Model 03 (1903) “Dienstglas” (“Service glass”) was manufactured by “OIGEE” (Optische Anstalt Optikal Industrie-G.M.B.H.) of “BERLIN” (Berlin-Schöneberg), in the early years, 1914-1915, of the First World War.

This 6×30 Standardized Model B-6 military binoculars is accompanied by its original brown leather and fabric case bearing the “CARL ZEISS JENA” logo stamped into the leather case behind the brass connection clip for the brown leather carrying strap.

During World War II, many industrial plants and factories to the west were relocated in Kazan, making the city a center of the military industry, producing tanks and planes. After the war Kazan consolidated as an industrial and scientific center. In 1979, the city’s population reached one million.

The Kazan Optical-Mechanical Plant (Казанский оптико-механический завод), established in 1940, is a company based in Kazan, Russian Federation.

The Kazan Optical-Mechanical Plant Production Association is one of the largest Russian optical companies. It develops and produces a wide range of optical-electronic and optical-mechanical instruments, including submarine periscopes, aerial cameras, satellite cameras, laser rangefinders, binoculars and night-vision instruments.

The Soviet hammer, sickle and star was adopted in 1923 and finalized in the 1924 Soviet Constitution.

1. State optical-mechanical factory (GOMZ), Leningrad (1940-1941);

Optical-mechanical factory No. 237 NKV (KOMZ), Kazan (since late 1941) .

The GOMZ factory produced binoculars in the 1920’s-1930’s, it stopped production of their own design B-1 6×30 model in 1936. In 1940 it restored binocular production, but this time it produced the standardized B-6 6×30 model. Production continued until the Autumn of 1941, when due to the German and Finn offensive on Leningrad, part of the GOMZ factory was evacuated to Kazan, and included into the structure of Kazan optical-mechanical factory. Technically, production of GOMZ binoculars ended in Autumn 1941, but during the initial production period in Kazan, the factory still used the GOMZ logo (stylized ray of light).

The post-evacuation marking is missing the hammer and sickle, which were used during 1940-1941 production in Leningrad. In early 1942, the factory marking was moved to the bridge instead of the left plate. Also, in early 1942, the factory finally started to use the GOMZ logo on binoculars (also a stylized ray of light). During 1940-1944, the production year was coded into the two first letters of the serial number (40, 41, and so on), starting in mid 1944 and later, a full year marking under the serial number was used.

After evacuation factory introduced many simplifications to construction. Late 1941 – early 1942 binoculars had plates made from silicium – aluminum alloy (sometime alloy plates are mixed with old design brass plates at one binoculars), later in 1942 alloy plates were replaced with steel plates, and steel plates in 1944 were replaced with copper plated steel plates. Also in early 1942 was eliminated rubber finish on the tubes (tubes were painted only with black paint), brass eyepiece diopter adjustment sleeves were replaced with cast sleeves also made from the silicium – aluminum alloy, also alloy was used in production of the other parts instead of brass, brass caps of the objective lens assemblies were replaced with steel caps. Because of these reason original condition early-mid war KOMZ binoculars are very difficult to find, alloy became very brittle after some use, and many of these binoculars had replaced parts.

In 1943 (possibly late 1942) rubber finish of the tubes was returned to production (prewar pattern was changed to unique to KOMZ dot pattern), cast alloy eyepiece sleeves remained in production up to 1945. In 1946 was returned into production prewar pattern with brass parts, also was changed style of the markings – they were moved to the left pate, and hammer and sickle marking was used again.

6×30 model (B-6 modification)

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	Полная современная эмблема предприятия с логотипом в латинском начертании. A complete modern emblem of the enterprise with a logo in Latin script.
	Различные варианты начертания логотипа «ЗЕНИТ»–«ZENIT». «Разрезной» шрифт (в настоящее время не используется): Современное начертание: Various variants of the “ZENIT” logotype – “ZENIT”. “Cut” font (currently not used): Modern font:

5) — У маркировки завода, в итоге ставшего НПЗ, и у знака КМЗ — одни и те же общие корни: символика немецкой фирмы Optische Anstalt C. P. Goerz (К. П. Гёрц) — треугольная призма с трансформацией в призму Дове. Треугольные применялись в биноклях марки «Triëder». Название отделения вписывалось внутрь изображения призмы, например, в три строки: «К.П./ГЁРЦЪ./С.ПЕТЕРБУРГЪ», а призма Дове входит в оптическую схему артиллерийской панорамы Гёрца. 5) — The marking of the plant, which eventually became the refinery, and the KMZ sign have the same common roots: the symbols of the German company Optische Anstalt C. P. Goerz (K. P. Goerz) — a triangular prism with transformation into a Dove prism. Triangular ones were used in Triëder binoculars. The name of the department was inscribed inside the image of the prism, for example, in three lines: “K. P./GOERZ/ST. PETERSBURG”, and the Dove prism is included in the optical scheme of the Goerz artillery panorama.		Общий знак, применявшийся в маркировке продукции фирмы C.P. Goerz и её отделений. A common symbol used in the labelling of products by C.P. Goerz and its subsidiaries.
		Последняя символика (C.P. Goerz American Optical Co.) Latest Symbolism (C.P. Goerz American Optical Co.)

Союз Советских Социалистических Республик Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Завод «Прогресс» №357 Progress Factory No. 357, Leningrad, 1926-1941, Omsk, Siberia 1941-1945

Progress Factory No. 357 • Завод «Прогресс» №357

Leningrad, Russia (Ленинград, Россия) 1926-1941, Omsk, Siberia (Oмск, Сибирь) 1941-1945

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Союз Советских Социалистических Республик Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Завод «Прогресс» №357

Progress Factory No. 357, Leningrad, 1926-1941, Omsk, Siberia 1941-1945